Indoor Air Quality: Status and Standards

Hasager, Freja; Bjerregaard, Joachim D.; Bonomaully, James; Knap, Hasse C.; Afshari, Alireza; Johnson, Matthew S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_1097

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Indoor air pollutants include oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particles, which are released by utility applications such as HVAC, lighting, and maintenance operations [13]. As a consequence of a rise in CO 2 , ailments such as sore throat, nasal irritation, mucous membrane symptoms, headaches, and tight chest are more common among building residents [14].…”

Section: Literature Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Buildings by Applying Solar-Powered Techniques

et al. 2023

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As most people spend their days indoors, it is indeed important that buildings provide residents with a higher standard of health, convenience, and safety. As a result, many practices are implemented into buildings to improve the comfort of occupants, particularly thermal comfort; nevertheless, the energy required to run and maintain these applications is a significant constraint. Renewable energy sources offer alternative solutions to energy demand problems, and selecting the best renewable energy sources is crucial. In this article, we examine the health and well-being advantages to the occupants, as well as the surrounding environment, of a variety of novel strategies that may be integrated into buildings to increase occupants’ thermal comfort for conventional practices using solar power. The key discoveries explored in this article include daylighting, passive ventilation, thermal applications, cooling applications, and power generation. For this, the information was gathered by a systematic review of the relevant prior literature. In addition, the detrimental effects of existing practices on the health and well-being of residents and the environment are included. While there are still some practical obstacles to overcome in the extraction of solar energy, the technology exists. Potential future obstacles to the broad acceptance and usage of solar energy systems in buildings are highlighted, as well as possible solutions.

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Section: Literature Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Buildings by Applying Solar-Powered Techniques

et al. 2023

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“…The major groups of pollutants are inorganic gases, organic gases, particulates, microbial pollutants, and viral and bacterial infections [1]. Controlling indoor air pollutant exposure is especially relevant since we spend up to 87% of our time in buildings [2], rendering them the most important environments. In efforts to make buildings more energy efficient, they have become better sealed and indoor spaces more dependent on HVAC systems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controlling indoor air pollutant exposure is especially relevant since we spend up to 87% of our time in buildings [2], rendering them the most important environments. In efforts to make buildings more energy efficient, they have become better sealed and indoor spaces more dependent on HVAC systems [2]. Studies have shown that bad indoor air quality leads to a multitude of different symptoms and health impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSTM Deep Learning Models for Virtual Sensing of Indoor Air Pollutants: A Feasible Alternative to Physical Sensors

Gabriel

Auer

2023

Buildings

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Monitoring individual exposure to indoor air pollutants is crucial for human health and well-being. Due to the high spatiotemporal variations of indoor air pollutants, ubiquitous sensing is essential. However, the cost and maintenance associated with physical sensors make this currently infeasible. Consequently, this study investigates the feasibility of virtually sensing indoor air pollutants, such as particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and CO2, using a long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model. Several years of accumulated measurement data were employed to train the model, which predicts indoor air pollutant concentrations based on Building Management System (BMS) data (e.g., temperature, humidity, illumination, noise, motion, and window state) as well as meteorological and outdoor pollution data. A cross-validation scheme and hyperparameter optimization were utilized to determine the best model parameters and evaluate its performance using common evaluation metrics (R2, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE)). The results demonstrate that the LSTM model can effectively replace physical indoor air pollutant sensors in the examined room, with evaluation metrics indicating a strong correlation in the testing set (MAE; CO2: 15.4 ppm, PM2.5: 0.3 μg/m3, VOC: 20.1 IAQI; R2; CO2: 0.47, PM2.5: 0.88, VOC:0.87). Additionally, the transferability of the model to other rooms was tested, with good results for CO2 and mixed results for VOC and particulate matter (MAE; CO2: 21.9 ppm, PM2.5: 0.3 μg/m3, VOC: 52.7 IAQI; R2; CO2: 0.45, PM2.5: 0.09, VOC:0.13). Despite these mixed results, they hint at the potential for a more broadly applicable approach to virtual sensing of indoor air pollutants, given the incorporation of more diverse datasets, thereby offering the potential for real-time occupant exposure monitoring and enhanced building operations.

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Evaluating the emission of VOCs and HCHO from furniture based on the surface finish methods and retention periods

Sherzad

Jung

2022

Front. Built Environ.

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Furniture emits various VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and formaldehyde (HCHO) into the indoor air. These indoor air pollutants can cause SBS (Sick Building Syndrome), such as sickness, headache, dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, and loss of concentration. This paper aims to provide essential data for improving indoor air quality by identifying the characteristics of the emission of VOCs and HCHO according to the characteristics of raw materials and finishing methods for furniture materials. As a methodology, a small chamber experiment was conducted with eight different test pieces with different base materials compositions and surface finishing methods. VOCs and HCHO were collected and analyzed by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) and HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The result showed that the TVOC in the composite material differed according to the retention period of the raw material. HCHO preferentially affects the processing method and the storage period after molding rather than the retention period of raw materials. TVOC emission was lower when the surface finishing method was applied, like paint finish. HCHO emission was getting lower when the adhesive was used during molding. Furniture applied to new houses is installed indoors in the form of finished products (composite materials). It was confirmed that the emission amount from furniture was generally higher than that of the general interior finishing material. Not only using eco-friendly raw materials, securing a specific retention period for raw materials, selecting eco-friendly processing methods, securing a particular retention period after molding, and post-construction management (ventilation and bake-out) should be done through a comprehensive evaluation of furniture.

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Indoor Air Quality: Status and Standards

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Enhancing Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Buildings by Applying Solar-Powered Techniques

Enhancing Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Buildings by Applying Solar-Powered Techniques

LSTM Deep Learning Models for Virtual Sensing of Indoor Air Pollutants: A Feasible Alternative to Physical Sensors

Evaluating the emission of VOCs and HCHO from furniture based on the surface finish methods and retention periods

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