Indoor air quality in university environments

Giulio, Mara Di; Grande, Rossella; Campli, Emanuela Di; Bartolomeo, Soraya Di; Cellini, Luigina

doi:10.1007/s10661-009-1252-7

Cited by 69 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The bacterial counts ranged from 88 to 4750 cfu/m 3 [114,115]. In schools, predominance of Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus were seen and bacterial count was high as 1696 cfu/m 3 [111,[116][117][118][119][120].…”

Section: Composition Of Bioaerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Brandl¹

2011

TOEBMJ

157

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Bioaerosols such as bacterial and fungal cells and their spores are -along with non-biological particles -part of indoor airborne particulate matter and have been related since a long time to health issues of human beings as well as flora, and fauna. To identify the different risks and to establish exposure thresholds, microbiology of air samples from a series of indoor environments must be characterized, i.e. the different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) must be identified and quantified. This review discusses the techniques of air sampling and sample analysis. In addition, a literature study has been performed regarding the levels of these microorganisms in various indoor occupational (e.g., schools, offices, hospitals, museums) and dwelling environments. These results will provide a significant scientific basis for indoor air quality control and help in elaborating risk prevention programs for workers and dwellers. This review shall contribute to the knowledge of identification and quantification of airborne microbial constituents in various indoor environments. Combining the indoor microbial load data with data from studies focusing on health effects caused by inhalation of specific airborne microorganisms will allow the evaluation of various risks to which inhabitants are exposed. Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment -A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational LocationsJyotshna Mandal and Helmut Brandl* Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, SwitzerlandAbstract: Bioaerosols such as bacterial and fungal cells and their spores are -along with non-biological particles -part of indoor airborne particulate matter and have been related since a long time to health issues of human beings as well as flora, and fauna. To identify the different risks and to establish exposure thresholds, microbiology of air samples from a series of indoor environments must be characterized, i.e. the different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) must be identified and quantified. This review discusses the techniques of air sampling and sample analysis. In addition, a literature study has been performed regarding the levels of these microorganisms in various indoor occupational (e.g., schools, offices, hospitals, museums) and dwelling environments. These results will provide a significant scientific basis for indoor air quality control and help in elaborating risk prevention programs for workers and dwellers. This review shall contribute to the knowledge of identification and quantification of airborne microbial constituents in various indoor environments. Combining the indoor microbial load data with data from studies focusing on health effects caused by inhalation of specific airborne microorganisms will allow the evaluation of various risks to which inhabitants are exposed.

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Section: Composition Of Bioaerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Brandl¹

2011

TOEBMJ

157

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“…For sedimentation method, microorganisms were calculated as total CFUs per plate per hour (CFU/plate/h) (Di Giulio et al 2010). Viable bacteria and fungi from the impingement method were used mainly to analyze the concentrations of microbial indicators at each environment because of many advantages: known volume of air is analyzed, suitable for high concentration of microorganisms in the atmosphere and for the assessment of viable airborne microorganisms, avoided desiccation of solid surfaces and impaction of particles onto agar surfaces (Cabral 2010).…”

Section: Microbiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne concentrations of bacteria and fungi in Thailand border market

Reanprayoon

Yoonaiwong

2011

Aerobiologia

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Thailand border market is where the local Thais, Cambodians, Laotians, and Burmeses exchange their goods and culture at the border checkpoints. It is considered to be the source of aerial disease transmission especially for foreigners because it is always very crowded with people from all walks of life. Unhealthy air quality makes this area high risk of spread of airborne diseases. This study assessed airborne concentrations of bacteria and fungi in a border market to improve exposure estimates and develop efficient control strategies to reduce health risk. The density and distribution of airborne bacteria and fungi were investigated in the Chong Chom border market in Surin Province, Thailand. Eighteen air sampling sites were taken from outdoors and various work environments including indoor footpaths, wooden handicraft shops, electronic shops, the secondhand clothing shops, and fruit market areas. Exposed Petri plate method and liquid impinger sampler were used for sampling at the breathing zone, 1.5 m above the floor level, during weekend and holiday. Meteorological factors such as relative humidity, temperature, and light intensity were collected by portable data logger. The relative humidity was 67-73%, and temperature 29-33°C, and light varied between 18 and 270 Lux m -2 . Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found at a mean value of 10 4 CFU m -3 , and airborne fungi of 10 3 CFU m -3 were recorded. The highest concentration of culturable airborne microorganisms was found along the indoor footpath (9.62 9 10 4 CFU m -3 and 750.00 CFU/plate/h for impingement and sedimentation methods, respectively), the fruit market area (7.86 9 10 4 CFU m -3 and 592.42 CFU/plate/h for impingement and sedimentation methods, respectively), and the secondhand clothing shop (4.59 9 10 3 CFU m -3 and 335.42 CFU/plate/h for impingement and sedimentation methods, respectively) for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, respectively. The lowest concentration of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi was found only at the outdoor area at 1.53 9 10 4 CFU m -3 , 0.93 9 10 4 CFU m -3 and 0.80 9 10 3 CFU m -3 by means of impingement method and 136.67 CFU/plate/h, 69.25 CFU/plate/h, and 62.00 CFU/plate/h by means of sedimentation methods for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, respectively. The most frequently present airborne bacteria were identified as Bacillus, Corynebacteria, Diplococcus, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, and spore former rods. Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Sporotrichum were the most frequently found aerosol fungi genera. The distribution of airborne microorganisms correlated with relative

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“…Bioaerosols are a large category of airborne particles, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and fragments of these or their metabolic products (e.g., mycotoxins), and endotoxins (part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria), and they can contribute to around 5-34% of indoor air pollution [12][13][14]. Bioaerosols can become a serious risk to the health of the population, airborne bacteria and fungi, in particular, can cause infectious diseases, allergic and toxic effects [11,[15][16][17][18][19]. The majority of bacteria naturally present in air do not cause adverse health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Bacterial Aerosol in a Preschool, Primary School and High School in Poland

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The issue of healthy educational buildings is a global concern because children are particularly at risk of lung damage and infection caused by poor indoor air quality (IAQ). This article presents the results of a preliminary study of the concentration and size distribution of bacterial aerosol in three educational buildings: a preschool, primary school, and high school. Sampling was undertaken in the classrooms with an Andersen six-stage impactor (with aerodynamic cut-off diameters of 7.0, 4.7, 3.3, 2.1, 1.1 and 0.65 µm) during spring 2016 and 2017, as well as the outside of the buildings. After incubation, bioaerosol particles captured on nutrient media on Petri dishes were quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively identified. The highest average concentration of bacterial aerosol was inside the primary school building (2205 CFU/m 3 ), whereas the lowest average concentration of indoor culturable bacteria was observed in the high school building (391 CFU/m 3 ). Using the obtained data, the exposure dose (ED) of the bacterial aerosol was estimated for children attending each educational level. The most frequently occurring species in the sampled bacterial aerosol were Gram-positive cocci in the indoor environment and Gram-positive rod-forming endospores in the outdoor environment.

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Indoor air quality in university environments

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Airborne concentrations of bacteria and fungi in Thailand border market

Assessment of Bacterial Aerosol in a Preschool, Primary School and High School in Poland

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