Indoor Air Quality in Hospitality Venues Before and After Implementation of a Clean Indoor Air Law

Travers, Mark J.; Cummings, K. Michael; Hyland, Andrew; Repace, James L.; Babb, Stephen; Pechacek, Terry F.; Caraballo, Ralph S.

doi:10.1097/01.cot.0000291669.36813.6f

Cited by 65 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The findings from this study are consistent with earlier studies of comparable design demonstrating increased indoor air pollution with respirable suspended particles when smoking is unrestricted (Brauer & Mannetje, 1998;Connolly et al, 2009;Ellingsen et al, 2006;Goodman et al, 2007;Johnsson et al, 2006;Repace et al, 2006;Semple et al, 2007;Travers, 2004). The increased levels of PM 2.5 measured in nonsmoking rooms of venues with separate smoking room are also consistent with previous studies demonstrating that in venues with designated smoking rooms, tobacco smoke penetrates into adjoining rooms (Cains, Cannata, Poulos, Ferson, & Stewart, 2004;Huss et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The validity of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) as indicator for exposure to SHS is confirmed by studies showing a high correlation between concentrations of PM 2.5 and SHS-specific compounds (Bolte et al, 2008) or comparing PM 2.5 levels between venues with different degrees of smoking restriction (Brauer & Mannetje, 1998;Connolly et al, 2009;Repace et al, 2006;Semple et al, 2007;Travers, 2004). The mass concentration of suspended particles is measured in micrograms per cubic meter.…”

Section: Brief Reportmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Air Contamination Due to Smoking in German Restaurants, Bars, and Other Venues-Before and After the Implementation of a Partial Smoking Ban of respirable suspended particles (Brauer & Mannetje, 1998;Connolly et al, 2009;Ellingsen et al, 2006;Goodman et al, 2007;Hyland, Travers, Dresler, Higbee, & Cummings, 2008;Johnsson et al, 2006;Repace et al, 2006;Semple et al, 2007;Travers, 2004).…”

Section: Brief Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Air Contamination Due to Smoking in German Restaurants, Bars, and Other Venues--Before and After the Implementation of a Partial Smoking Ban

Gleich¹,

Mons²,

Pötschke-Langer³

2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Brief Reportmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Brief Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air Contamination Due to Smoking in German Restaurants, Bars, and Other Venues--Before and After the Implementation of a Partial Smoking Ban

Gleich¹,

Mons²,

Pötschke-Langer³

2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…The Dustrak was used with a 2.5-micron impactor to measure PM 2.5 and was calibrated prior to each experimental session with an high effi ciency particulate air fi lter according to the manufacturer's specifi cations. The Dustrak was set to record the average PM 2.5 concentration every 60 s. A customized calibration factor of 0.32 was applied to the device, determined by calibrating the device in the present study with other light-scattering photometers measuring TSP Repace, 2004 ;Travers et al, 2004Travers et al, , 2007. Two other devices were placed in the car to monitor air quality parameters (e.g., carbon monoxide), but those data are not included in this analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental investigation of tobacco smoke pollution in cars

Sendzik¹,

Fong²,

Travers³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

103

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Introduction: Tobacco smoke pollution (TSP) has been identifi ed as a serious public health threat. Although the number of jurisdictions that prohibit smoking in public places has increased rapidly, just a few successful attempts have been made to pass similar laws prohibiting smoking in cars, where the cabin space may contribute to concentrated exposure. In particular, TSP constitutes a potentially serious health hazard to children because of prolonged exposure and their small size. Methods:The present study investigated the levels of TSP in 18 cars via the measurement of fi ne respirable particles (<2.5 microns in diameter or PM 2.5 ) under a variety of in vivo conditions. Car owners smoked a single cigarette in their cars in each of fi ve controlled air-sampling conditions. Each condition varied on movement of the car, presence of air conditioning, open windows, and combinations of these airfl ow infl uences. Results:Smoking just a single cigarette in a car generated extremely high average levels of PM 2.5 : more than 3,800 m g/m 3 in the condition with the least airfl ow (motionless car, windows closed). In moderate ventilation conditions (air conditioning or having the smoking driver hold the cigarette next to a half-open window), the average levels of PM 2.5 were reduced but still at signifi cantly high levels (air conditioning = 844 m g/m 3 ; holding cigarette next to a half-open window = 223 m g/m 3 ).Discussion: This study demonstrates that TSP in cars reaches unhealthy levels, even under realistic ventilation conditions, lending support to efforts occurring across a growing number of jurisdictions to educate people and prohibit smoking in cars in the presence of children. IntroductionTobacco smoke pollution (TSP; also known as environmental tobacco smoke, secondhand smoke, and passive smoke) is a complex mixture of contaminants released by the burning and exhalation of tobacco products in the form of various gases and particulate matter. TSP is responsible for the preventable morbidity and mortality of hundreds of thousands of nonsmokers worldwide ( ( Glantz & Parmley, 1995 ;Law, Morris, & Wald, 1997 ;Taylor, Johnson, & Kazemi, 1992 ). Recently, a review of the epidemiological evidence concluded that TSP was associated with a signifi cant increase in breast cancer among premenopausal women ( California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, 2005 ).Of great concern is the health hazard that TSP exposure poses to children who are still developing physically and biologically. Compared with adults, children breathe more rapidly, absorb more pollutants because of their small size, have less developed immune systems, and are more vulnerable to cellular mutations ( Bearer, 2005 ), making them more susceptible to the effects of TSP exposure. TSP is associated with a greater likelihood of asthma, triggering an asthma attack, and chronic lung diseases ( USDHHS, 1986 ), and it has been recognized as a cause of sudden infant death syndrome ( Anderson, & Cook, 1997 ; USDHHS, 1986 ). It has b...

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“…In Italy and Ireland, implementation of the law was associated with 64% (Valente et al, 2007) and 69% (Mulcahy et al, 2005) reductions, respectively, in levels of secondhand smoke exposure, compared to an 84% reduction in the US (Travers et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Meta-analysis of the effects of smokefree laws on acute myocardial infarction: An update

Glantz

2008

Preventive Medicine

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Indoor Air Quality in Hospitality Venues Before and After Implementation of a Clean Indoor Air Law

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

Air Contamination Due to Smoking in German Restaurants, Bars, and Other Venues--Before and After the Implementation of a Partial Smoking Ban

Air Contamination Due to Smoking in German Restaurants, Bars, and Other Venues--Before and After the Implementation of a Partial Smoking Ban

An experimental investigation of tobacco smoke pollution in cars

Meta-analysis of the effects of smokefree laws on acute myocardial infarction: An update

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