Indoor Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment in the Open-Air Classroom

Kaewrat, Jenjira; Janta, Rungruang; Sichum, Surasak; Kanabkaew, Thongchai

doi:10.3390/su13158302

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…2 b), about 1 m from wall/fence and 10 m from the drip line of trees 59 . Height of 1.5 m above ground level is assumed to be the statistical average breathing height of pedestrians 60 – 63 . One-year continuous monitoring of PM 2.5 was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of ambient PM2.5 concentrations adjacent to informal brick kilns in the Vhembe District using low-cost sensors

Aniyikaiye,

Piketh,

Edokpayi

2023

Sci Rep

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The widespread exposure to ambient PM2.5 poses a substantial health risk globally, with a more pronounced impact on low- to medium-income nations. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of PM2.5 in the communities hosting informal brickmaking industries in Vhembe District. Utilizing Dylos DC1700, continuous monitoring of PM2.5 was conducted at nine stations adjacent to informal brick kilns from March 2021 to February 2022. The study determined the correction factor for PM2.5 measurements obtained from the Dylos DC1700 when it was collocated with the GRIMM Environmental Dust Monitor 180. Additionally, the diurnal and seasonal variations across monitoring stations were assessed, and potential PM2.5 sources were identified. The study also evaluated the compliance of ambient PM2.5 concentrations across the stations with the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) limits. Annual PM2.5 concentrations for the stations ranged from 22.6 to 36.2 μgm−3. Diurnal patterns exhibited peak concentrations in the morning and evening, while seasonal variations showed higher concentrations in winter and lower concentrations in summer and spring. All monitoring stations reported the highest daily exceedance with respect to the daily NAAQS limit in the winter. Major PM2.5 sources included domestic biomass combustion, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, and construction sites. Well-calibrated low-cost sensors could be employed in suburb regions with scarce air quality data. Findings from the study could be used for developing mitigation strategies to reduce health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure in the area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of ambient PM2.5 concentrations adjacent to informal brick kilns in the Vhembe District using low-cost sensors

Aniyikaiye,

Piketh,

Edokpayi

2023

Sci Rep

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“…(3) Additionally, the total non-carcinogenic risk was calculated by the hazard index (HI) to estimate the risk from exposure to many pollutants at the same time [9]. It was calculated by Equation ( 4) [10].…”

Section: Health Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air quality assessment to design a model for indoor air quality management and health impact assessment in Northern Thailand

2023

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Indoor air quality (IAQ) has become an important area of concern these days and tends to be more serious to human health as well as resident convenience, especially in smoke haze season (February - April) in Upper Northern Thailand (UNT). Indoor air monitoring and model development for controlling the air quality indoors is necessary for all buildings, particularly in urban areas and polluted areas. This study aims i) to study indoor air quality, ii) to assess health impacts and factors related to indoor air quality, and iii) to develop an effective model for controlling indoor air quality in Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital (HP) and Early Childhood Development Center (ED). Temperature, relative humidity, air movement, PM2.5, PM10, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Formaldehyde (CH2O), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), Total bacterial and fungal were used to evaluate indoor air quality. It was found that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in all buildings exceeded indoor air quality standards. Moreover, CO2 concentration was higher than recommended levels, especially during the daytime. HP and ED found high values of total bacteria and total fungi, which were higher than recommended level. The indoor air quality management model of a clean room that involved with the calculation of total airflow in cubic feet per hour was created and a specific size of air cleaner for the room was selected. The results showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations including other parameters of the selected rooms were reduced to the recommended levels after implementing the rooms. This result indicated the effectiveness of developing an indoor air quality management model. Thus, this model can be used as a successful study case for other HP and ED, leading to a positive impact on building occupant health.

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“…They determined that NO 2 concentrations measured in the summer were lower than those measured in the winter and that NO 2 generated by motor vehicles was a source of NO 2 . Moreover, inside an open-air classroom in Nakhon Si Thammarat province in Thailand, there was a considerable influence from outdoor NO 2 emitted from traffic in an urban environment [12]. Therefore, NO 2 is considered the primary source of traffic-related air pollution and has been applied as an indicator of motor vehicle emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Indoor Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Exposure and Health Risk Assessment at a Cross-Border Checkpoint, Chiang Rai Province in Tourism Seasonality

2024

IJESD

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The inhalation of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is generated by traffic density and is associated with a risk to human health. The objective of this study was to assess indoor NO2 levels at the Chiang Khong District border crossing at the 4th Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge (Chiang Khong-Huay Xai) in Chiang Rai Province in order to evaluate indoor air quality in tourist season within the limits of a health risk assessment. Indoor NO2 samplings were collected by using a passive sampling method. The results for indoor NO2 concentrations in all sampling sites in the Chiang Khong District border ranged between 18.7±5.8 to 37.8±28.9 µg/m 3 . The highest indoor NO2 concentration was measured in April 2023 (25.1±10.8 to 88.3±30.6 µg/m 3 ) because the total number of tourists and vehicles passing at a cross-border crossing was the highest, which is peak season and Songkran festival in Thailand. Moreover, a significant correlation between indoor NO2 concentrations was found between the total number of vehicles and tourists (p<0.01). Indoor NO2 concentrations have been influenced by trucks and cars. The levels of indoor NO2 emitted by diesel-powered vehicles were obvious. Long-term Hazard Quotient (HQ) values in relation to non-carcinogenic hazards to human health caused by indoor NO2 exposure revealed that children had higher HQ levels than adults.

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Indoor Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment in the Open-Air Classroom

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Quantification of ambient PM2.5 concentrations adjacent to informal brick kilns in the Vhembe District using low-cost sensors

Quantification of ambient PM2.5 concentrations adjacent to informal brick kilns in the Vhembe District using low-cost sensors

Indoor air quality assessment to design a model for indoor air quality management and health impact assessment in Northern Thailand

Investigation of Indoor Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Exposure and Health Risk Assessment at a Cross-Border Checkpoint, Chiang Rai Province in Tourism Seasonality

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