Indoor Air Pollution (Carbon Dioxide and Total Volatile Organic Compound) and Pulmonary Disorders in Junior High School Students in Depok, West Java

Abstract

Good indoor air quality in the school environment is crucial for health and productivity of the students. Indoor air pollution needs to be taken into consideration, given that one can spend 90% of their time indoor. CO2 and Total VOC is an indoor pollutant that causes pulmonary disorder. This research is to investigate the relationship between exposure of CO2, concentration, total VOC and pulmonary disorder in Junior High School students. This research used cross-sectional design conducted on March - May 2018. The samples were 139 students taken by using simple random sampling. CO2 value was measured by Q-trak, Total VOC was measured by ppbRAE and the lung function value was spirometry. Indoor CO2 concentration in Junior High School of  Depok is 478.70 ppm, the average total concentration VOC is 6.4 x 10-3 ppm, % KVP = 72.66, % VEP1 = 74.52 and % VEP1/KVP = 93.97 in average, and the proportion of students with pulmonary disorder is 3.6%. There is no relationship found between exposure of indoor CO2 concentration and total VOC with lung disorder VEP1/KVP (CO2, p = 1.000 and total VOC p = 0.374) since the number of students with lung disorder is low in number while CO2 concentration and the total VOC level is below the listed threshold. This study found no evidence that exposure was related to pulmonary disorder. A healthy and clean living behavior in school environment needs to be improved and further research on other indoor air pollutant parameters and respiratory disorders or degenerative disease should be conducted with different methods.

Glutathione (Gsh) and Superoxide Dismutase (Sod) Levels among Junior High School Students Induced by Indoor Particulate Matter 2.5 (Pm2.5) and Nitrogen Dioxide (No2) Exposure

“…A similar study by Wispriyono et al . 10 on indoor air pollution in Jakarta reported lower indoor and outdoor NO 2 than our results. Other studies conducted in the United States and Brazil measured NO 2 in the school environment reported there was association of NO 2 in air and respiratory disorders.…”

“…The same questionnaire was used in previous school studies in Depok, West Java. 10 , 18 The selected students were interviewed by researchers based on the questionnaire.…”

“…The questionnaire was used to determine history of upper respiratory tract infection, tobacco smoke exposure at home, mosquito repellent usage, and dietary supplement intake. The same questionnaire was used in previous school studies in Depok, West Java 10,18 . The selected students were interviewed by researchers based on the questionnaire.…”

“…Vigorous development activities in Jakarta have increased air pollution source points such as highways or toll roads into adjacent school buildings, impacted to increase the exposure risk of PM 2.5 and NO 2 to students in school environment. 2 , 10 School-age children are vulnerable to environmental exposure due to their immature immune and respiratory system. During school time, this group spends most of their time six to eight hours at school.…”

Effect of asthma on the English-speaking and reading comprehension ability of dusty allergy affected school children

“…Literacy, a crucial element of education, has lately received attention as a potential explanatory pathway following the publishing of results from tests of children literacy abilities conducted by the educational community of Pakistan where they estimate that only two deserts of Pakistan have almost five thousand asthma child patients and these have speaking and reading problems to their illness. Sajid and Fraidan (2019) have demonstrated that the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the best spirometric test for assessing airway blockage and treatment response in acute asthma during reading and speaking time (Wispriyono, Yulaeva, Hartono, & Pratama, 2019). Wargocki, Wyon, Lynge-Jensen, and Bornehag (2008) have written that 1-3 FEV1 is the volume of air exhaled in one second from maximal inspiration.…”