Indoor air pollution by alkylphenols in Tokyo

Saito, Ikue; Onuki, Aya; Seto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00250.x

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Life-style factors, such as whether shoes are worn indoors or not, may also influence particle size and constituent distributions in house dust. Therefore, we measured whole house dust without sieving in this study in the same manner as that in a number of other studies performed in Japan (Kanazawa et al 2010;Saito et al 2007). However, standardized sampling method adequate for house dust in Japanese residences needs to be established in the future.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Kanazawa et al (2010) reported that TBEP, TCEP, and TCMEP were detected at high concentrations (5890, 308, and 291 μg/g, respectively) in the floor dust samples from 41 dwellings in Sapporo. Saito et al (2007) reported that the use of floor polish agents containing TBEP could affect the concentration of TBEP in indoor air. Interestingly, the correlation between the TBEP concentration in the indoor air and house dust samples was the highest for all compounds tested in this study (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential determination of plasticizers and organophosphorus flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan

Takeuchi

Tanaka-Kagawa

Saito

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A variety of chemicals have been used in a wide range of indoor materials, such as wallpaper and furniture, and some of them are released into the indoor air. The level of consumption as well as the diversity of these chemicals has been increasing. The particle size of the materials in the air is known to affect the depth of human exposure, e.g., particles >10 μm can only reach the nasal cavity, whereas particles 2.5-10 μm can reach the respiratory tract and particles <2.5 μm can reach the bottom of the lungs. However, information on the concentrations and form of these chemicals in indoor air is very limited. In this study, we measured 54 compounds, including plasticizers (phthalates, adipates, and others) and organophosphorus flame retardants, in indoor air samples from the living rooms of 21 dwellings in 11 prefectures across Japan. For sampling, we used a four-stage air sampler (multi-nozzle cascade impactor) equipped with three quartz fiber filters to capture chemical particulates in three size ranges (<2.5, 2.5-10, and >10 μm) and a C solid-phase extraction disk to capture chemicals that exist in a gas phase in indoor air. Each of the chemicals in the three particulate phases and single gas phase was extracted by acetone and measured separately using GC/MS. Of the 54 compounds tested, 37 were detected in the indoor air samples. The highest concentration observed was that of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (5.1 μg/m), which was detected in samples from all 21 houses. The 37 compounds were captured in the four fractions at different rates roughly based on their molecular sizes. Compounds with a smaller molecular size were commonly detected as a gas phase, whereas compounds with a larger molecular size were detected as one or more of the three particulate phases in the indoor air samples. Among the three particulate phases, many of the compounds were detected from the filter capturing the smallest (<2.5 μm) particles. Therefore, these results suggest that the chemicals measured in this study might penetrate deeply into the lungs as many of them tend to exist as a gas and/or as particles smaller than 2.5 μm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential determination of plasticizers and organophosphorus flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan

Takeuchi

Tanaka-Kagawa

Saito

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…0.50 mm thickness, 3 M, MN, USA), which were set in the first and second layer, respectively, in the sampler, were used as adsorbents. Prior to the sampling of airborne SVOCs, the Empore disks were subjected to ultrasonic cleaning five times for 10 min each by 10 ml of acetone per disk, and the quartz fiber filter disks were heated at 400 • C for 4 h by applying the method by Saito et al [27].…”

Section: Sampling Of Svocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction

Yoshida

Matsunaga

Oda

2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…Furthermore, the metabolites of APEs, such as nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), exhibit an estrogenic effect at low concentrations [5,17]. They are known as toxic contaminants and can be found in indoor/outdoor air and in the aquatic environment [18,19]. Based on these previous studies, we further examined the effects of EDCs on cell proliferation and the activation of estrogen response element (ERE) in an E2-dependent ovarian cancer cell line, BG-1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells is Stimulated by Xenoestrogens through an Estrogen-Dependent Pathway, but Their Stimulation of Cell Growth Appears not to be Involved in the Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ERK-1 and p38

Park

Kim

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Although endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may interfere with the endocrine system(s) of our body and have estrogenicity or androgenicity, the exact mechanism(s) underlying their detrimental effects is not clearly understood. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effects of EDCs on proliferation and regulation of transcription of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BG-1 ovarian cancer cells, and their possible mechanisms were further examined. Treatment with bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and methoxychlor (MXC) for 24 h resulted in an increase of cell proliferation. Treatment with BPA, NP, OP and MXC increased the estrogen response element (ERE) activity. The increase of cell proliferation and activation of ERE were reversed in the presence of an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780. These results suggest that ER is involved in EDC-mediated pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Based on this, we further investigated the involvement of EDCs in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in relation to cell growth. BPA rapidly induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK at 15 min, but the effect of BPA (10 μM) on stimulation of cell growth was not blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of MEK (PD98059) or p38 (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, EDC-induced proliferation is mediated by a genomic effect through ERs and ERE, but EDC-activated MAPK is unlikely to be involved in EDC-induced cell growth in estrogen-responsive ovarian cancer cells. Key words: Endocrine disrupting chemical, Estrogen receptor, Estrogen response element, Extracellular signalregulated kinase, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] 2009) varian carcinoma is one of the most frequent gynaecologic cancers, following breast, lung and colorectal cancer [1]. Although the biological causes of ovarian cancer remain unknown, hormonal factors such as estrogen or gonadotropins have been implicated in the etiology of ovarian cancer [2]. In addition, it has been reported that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk of cancer incidence [3,4]. However, the data associated with the effect of EDCs on ovarian cancer cells are scarce.Since EDCs are known as environmental chemicals that interfere with the hormonal balance of vertebrates and invertebrates, they are considered to be important in physiology and the endocrine system [5,6]. EDCs are released from industrial products such as plastics, pesticides, detergents and other synthetic products. It has been proposed that EDCs may increase human health risks and have potentials to affect the immune system and development of vital organs [7][8][9].Bisphenol-A (BPA), alkylphenols, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phthalates are mainly highlighted among EDCs. BPA, a compound used in polycarbonate and epoxy resins, has been implicated as a potent risk factor for women's health [10]. BPA has been widely use...

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Indoor air pollution by alkylphenols in Tokyo

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

Differential determination of plasticizers and organophosphorus flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan

Differential determination of plasticizers and organophosphorus flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan

Simultaneous determination of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction

Cell Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells is Stimulated by Xenoestrogens through an Estrogen-Dependent Pathway, but Their Stimulation of Cell Growth Appears not to be Involved in the Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ERK-1 and p38

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