Indoor Air Pollution and Asthma in Children at Delhi, India

Abstract

Introduction: Several studies in developed countries have shown association between indoor air pollution and asthma in children. The present research was undertaken to study this association at Delhi, India. Material and methods: This study took place at Delhi, capital of India. Eight locations based on the source of pollution such as industrial, residential and villages were included. Recording of the demographic profile and clinical examination of each child was conducted at their residence. Indoor SO 2 , NO 2 and SPM (suspended particulate matter) levels were measured by using Handy Air Sampler (Low Volume Sampler). Results: A total of 3104 children were examined of which 60.3% were male and 39.7% were female. 32.4% children were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. 31.5 % children's families were using biomass fuels for cooking. History of respiratory symptoms included cough (43.9%), phlegm production (21.9%), shortness of breath (19.3%) and wheezing (14.0%). 7.9% children were diagnosed as having asthma, which was highest in industrial areas (11.8%), followed by residential (7.5%) and village areas (3.9%). The mean indoor SO 2 , NO 2 and SPM levels were 4.28±4.61 mg/m

Sibilância recorrente em lactentes no primeiro ano de vida em Belém (Pará, Brasil)

“…Para a cultura de Belém isso representa extrema pobreza, demonstrando a vulnerabilidade econômico-social destas famílias, cujos filhos apresentam maior risco de sibilância. Esses dados estão de acordo com pesquisa realizada em país de baixa renda onde se relacionou pobreza com sibilância 16,17 e podem estar relacionados com poluição ambiental intradomiciliar, onde famílias pobres cozinham no mesmo espaço onde vivem e dormem.…”

Air pollution and respiratory health

“…Another study in industrial area of Delhi revealed that high concentration level of particulate matter containing quartz, carbonate, mica, and several major and trace elements including Si, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zi and Cu an important factor for causing increased asthma among children [15]. Industries play valuable role for increases the concentration of indoor suspended particulate matter and occurrence of asthma in children in developing countries [16,17]. The high values for mean level of indoor SPM was associated with environmental factors in industrial areas of Delhi.…”

Kondisi Kualitas Udara (So2, No2, Pm10 Dan Pm2,5) Di Dalam Rumah Di Sekitar Cilegon Dan Gangguan Pernapasan Yang Diakibatkannya

“…Paparan zat polutan yang lama dapat menyebabkan batuk, sakit tenggorokan, bronkitis akut maupun kronik, asma, pneumonia dan yang terparah yaitu kanker paru (Getrudis, 2010). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kumar et al (2015) juga menjelaskan, bahwa konsentrasi partikulat (>10 µm) didalam ruangan berhubungan dengan peningkatan gejala asma dan partikulat yang berukuran lebih kecil (<2,5µm) secara nyata berhubungan dengan peningkatan gangguan pernapasan. Hal tersebut juga berpengaruh terhadap anak-anak penderita asma.…”