Indonesian Throughflow in an eddy-resolving ocean model

A numerical model system was developed and applied to simulate air-sea fluxes of CO 2 and coral reef calcification in the Indonesian Seas and adjacent ocean basin for the period 1960-2014 on a fine resolution grid (ca. 11 km) in order to study their response to rising sea water temperatures and CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Results were analyzed for different sub-regions on the Sunda Shelf (Gulf of Thailand, Malacca Strait, Java Sea) and show realistic and different levels, signs and pronounced temporal variability in air-sea CO 2 flux. The Gulf of Thailand changes from an atmospheric CO 2 sink during the boreal winter to a CO 2 source in summer due to higher water temperatures, while other sub-regions as well as the entire averaged Sunda Shelf act as a continuous source of CO 2 for the atmosphere. However, increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations weakened this source function during the simulation period. In 2007, the model simulations showed even a first flux inversion, in course of which the Java Sea took up CO 2 . The simulated trends suggest that the entire Sunda Shelf will turn into a permanent sink for atmospheric CO 2 within the next 30-35 years if current trends remain constant. Considering the period between 2010 and 2014, coral reef calcification enhanced the average CO 2 emission of the Sunda Shelf by more than 10% from 15 to 17 Tg C yr −1 due to lowering the pH and increasing the partial pressure of CO 2 in surface water. During the entire period of simulation, net reef calcification decreased although increasing seawater temperature mitigated effects of reduced CO 2 emission and the resulting decrease of the pH values on reef calcification. Our realistic simulation results already without consideration of any biological processes suggest that biological processes taking up and releasing CO 2 are currently well balanced in these tropical regions. However, the counteracting effects of climate change on the reef calcification, on other biological processes and the carbonate system need to be investigated in more detail. SST increased by about 0.6 • C during the last 55 years, while SSS decreased by about 0.7 psu.

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“…Our results of −3.8 Sv, however, correspond to the second cited value, −3.2 Sv, from Feng et al (2013).…”

Section: Simulated Averaged Transports Through Selected Sectionscontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes and the Effect of Net Coral Reef Calcification in the Indonesian Seas: A Numerical Sensitivity Study

2018

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“…Among them, compared with the shaft furnace roasting and the rotary kiln roasting, fluidized magnetizing roasting has become a research hotspot due to its outstanding advantages of high heat and mass transfer efficiency. The scientific research team leded by Yongfu Yu, a well-known mineral processing expert in China [32][33][34][35][36][37][38], proposed the concept of flash magnetizing roasting and designed a reaction device of conveying bed combined with multi-stage cyclone separators, as presented in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Development Of Fluidized Bed Magnetizing Roasting Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized bed roasting technology in iron ores dressing in China: A review on equipment development and application prospect

Tang

Gao

Han

et al. 2019

J min metall B Metall

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Due to the undesirable characteristics of iron ore resources in China, it is necessary to utilize refractory iron ores resources with high efficiency. The mining and mineral processing costs are usually high. The supply of domestic iron ores in China has been in serious shortage for a long time. Therefore, the development and utilization of complex and refractory iron ore resources are extremely urgent. Magnetizing roasting followed by magnetic separation is an important method for the beneficiation of low grade iron ores. More attention has been paid to fluidized bed magnetizing roasting rather than shaft furnace and rotary kiln roasting in recent years. In this paper, the main characteristics of fluidized bed magnetizing roasting technology and the development process of its application in the beneficiation of refractory iron ores are introduced. The research status of several typical fluidized bed roasting processes and equipment in China are also summarized. Moreover, the application prospect of the technology for efficient utilization of low grade hematite, siderite, and limonite ores, as well as iron containing tailings, is analyzed.

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“…Based on 30 years of XBT datafrom 1984 to 2013 ITF geostrophic transport experienced a strengthening trend of ~0.1 Sv year -1 (Liu et al, 2015). In addition, numerous numerical models and reanalysis data demonstrate a relatively consistent interannual variability with the observed data (Masumoto et al, 2004;Feng et al, 2013;Yuan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relative importance of ENSO and IOD on interannual variability of Indonesian Throughflow transport

Zhang

Mei

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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IntroductionThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) connects the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It plays an important role in the global ocean circulation system. The interannual variability of ITF transport is largely modulated by climate modes, such as Central-Pacific (CP) and Eastern-Pacific (EP) El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). However, the relative importance of these climate modes importing on the ITF is not well clarified.MethodsDominant roles of the climate modes on ITF in specific periods are quantified by combining a machine learning algorithm of the random forest (RF) model with a variety of reanalysis datasets.ResultsThe results reveal that during the period from 1993 to 2019, the average ITF transport derived from high-resolution reanalysis datasets is -14.97 Sv with an intensification trend of -0.06 Sv year-1, which mainly occurred in the upper layer. Four periods, which are 1993–2000, 2002–2008, 2009–2012 and 2013–2019, are identified as Niño 3.4, Dipole Mode Index (DMI), no significant dominant index, and DMI dominated, respectively.DiscussionThe corresponding sea surface height differences between the Northwest Tropical Pacific Ocean (NWP) and Southeast Indian Ocean (SEI) in these three periods when exist dominant index are -0.50 cm, 0.99 cm and -3.22 cm, respectively, which are responsible for the dominance of the climate modes. The study provides a new insight to quantify the response of ITF transport to climate drivers.

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Indonesian Throughflow in an eddy-resolving ocean model

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes and the Effect of Net Coral Reef Calcification in the Indonesian Seas: A Numerical Sensitivity Study

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes and the Effect of Net Coral Reef Calcification in the Indonesian Seas: A Numerical Sensitivity Study

Fluidized bed roasting technology in iron ores dressing in China: A review on equipment development and application prospect

Relative importance of ENSO and IOD on interannual variability of Indonesian Throughflow transport

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