Indonesian propolis suppressed the expression of COX-2 in inflamed rat dental pulp in direct capping treatment

Abstract

Objective:The aim of the present study ass to analysis the expression COX-2 on inflamed rat dental pulp after capped with propolis. Material and Methods: Propolis was obtained from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Flavonoid and non-flavonoid were purified from an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP). Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisting of 16 rats. Group I as a negative control, rats were left without any treatment. A Class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface of permanent maxillary right first molar. Dental pulp was exposed and allowed in oral environment for 1 hour, then capping with EEP (group II), flavonoid propolis (group III), non-flavonoid propolis (group IV), or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (group V). All cavities were filled with glass ionomer cement. The animals were sacrificed at 6 hours, 2, 4 or 7 days after treatment, biopsy samples were obtained, processed for immunostaining of COX-2 and viewed under light microscope. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests with significant level P<0.05 biopsy samples were obtained, processed for immunostaining of COX-2 and viewed under light microscope. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests with significant level P<0.05 Results: Except in group I, COX-2 expression was decreased in all treatment group with the longer of observation time periods. In group II and group V, COX-2 expression was weaker than group III and IV at all periods time. However, there was no statistically significant differences of COX-2 expression among groups for each time period. Conclusion:The present study suggests that EEP and Ca(OH)2 were stronger than other materials test to suppressed COX-2 expression on inflamed rat dental pulp.

The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron

“…The flavonoid content in propolis, in addition to inhibiting the COX 2 enzyme so that it suppresses the synthesis of PGE 2 and reduces NGF expression, also has a Caffeic acid effect that can induce NGF [27,28]. Consequently, there was no significant difference between the 12-and 24-h measures of NGF expression in the Ca(OH) 2 group compared with the Ca(OH) 2 -propolis combination group.…”

“…The decrease in prostaglandins is caused by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid, catalyzed by the transformation of the cyclooxygenase enzyme produced by galangin compounds from flavonoids and CAPE. Furthermore, galangin from flavonoid materials can also inhibit leukotrienes from arachidonic acid lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes [35], and the quercetin component in propolis can inhibit LOX enzymes [27,36].…”