Indolent, T-cell, large granular lymphocytic leukaemia in a dog presenting with severe neutropenia and an absence of lymphocytosis

Elliott, James; Villiers, Elizabeth

doi:10.4314/ovj.v8i2.1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Review of previously reported cases reveals a mean age of 9 years (range 4-14) across 41 cases. 5,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Across these previous publications, a male to female ratio of 0.7:1 was identified in contrast to the current study where male dominance was identified.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Across the previous canine case reports, anaemia was identified in 56% of cases, neutrophilia in 49% of cases, thrombocytopaenia in 25% of cases and neutropenia in 17% of cases (some cases exhibited more than one cytopaenia). 5,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In comparison with the current study, these previously reported cases exhibited anaemia at nearly three times the occurrence and thrombocytopaenia at nearly two times the occurrence, while the incidence of neutrophilia was similar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features in dogs with presumptive large granular lymphocyte leukaemia

Jaensch¹,

Hayward²,

Boyd

2022

Aust Veterinary J

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Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGLL) has been described in a range of species but has been most commonly reported in humans and dogs. In both species, this neoplasia exhibits diversity in both phenotype and biological behaviour with phenotype only partially predicting behaviour. There is currently little knowledge of concurrent haematological and serum biochemistry features or concurrent occurrence of distinct neoplasia in canine LGLL cases. This study presents a canine case series and defines haematological parameters, novel serum biochemistry findings and phenotype of the large granular lymphocytes in an Australian case series. Neutrophilia was the most common haematological abnormality, identified in 43% of dogs, and 84% of dogs with biochemistry data available had elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase. Five of the 40 dogs in this study exhibited concurrent neoplasia during the period of the study, demonstrating this is a relatively common clinical outcome in canine LGLL cases. In agreement with previous canine and human studies, the most common LGLL phenotype in dogs is CD3+, CD4À and CD8+. Further work is needed to define the variables predictive of the biological behaviour of LGLL in dogs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features in dogs with presumptive large granular lymphocyte leukaemia

Jaensch¹,

Hayward²,

Boyd

2022

Aust Veterinary J

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Chronic lymphopenia and neutropenia in a dog with large granular lymphocytic leukemia

Museux

Turinelli

Rosenberg³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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T‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T‐cell LGLL) is the most common presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in dogs. Aleukemic or subleukemic leukemia is a particularly rare variation in both humans and dogs, where bone marrow proliferation is either not or only sparsely translated in the peripheral blood. Neutropenia is a prominent feature in cases of human T‐cell LGLL but is normally absent in canine CLL. This report describes a case of a dog presented with an almost 3‐year history of asymptomatic neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia (without anemia). A bone marrow examination, the exclusion of infectious diseases, and clonality testing led to the diagnosis of subleukemic LGLL that responded well to therapy (death occurred 2.5 years later due to an unrelated cause).

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Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis

Capasso¹,

Villers

Elliott³

et al. 2023

Animals

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Canine chronic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia is commonly characterised by moderate to marked lymphocytosis but not neutropaenia. In humans, LGL leukaemia is often associated with autoimmune disorders, including immune-mediated cytopaenias (mainly neutropaenia). This presentation is rare in dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of dogs with chronic LGL leukaemia with suspected immune-mediated cytopaenia. Six dogs with a median age of 4.5 years (range 2–8 years) were included in the study. The most common presenting signs were pyrexia and lethargy. All dogs had severe neutropaenia (median neutrophil count 0.07 × 109/L), three had thrombocytopaenia (median platelet count 66 × 109/L), and one had anaemia (HCT 0.32 L/L). In all dogs, bone marrow cytology revealed infiltration of granular T lymphocytes; PARR analysis confirmed clonality in four, and bone marrow flow cytometry identified CD3+ CD8+ neoplastic cells in two cases. All patients received systemic chemotherapy, and the cytopaenias resolved after 1–19 weeks. Two dogs were euthanised 133 and 322 days after diagnosis, two were lost to follow-up after 224 and 357 days, and two were alive at 546 and 721 days. A subset of LGL leukaemia in dogs is associated with immune-mediated cytopaenia and has a unique clinical presentation.

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Indolent, T-cell, large granular lymphocytic leukaemia in a dog presenting with severe neutropenia and an absence of lymphocytosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features in dogs with presumptive large granular lymphocyte leukaemia

Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features in dogs with presumptive large granular lymphocyte leukaemia

Chronic lymphopenia and neutropenia in a dog with large granular lymphocytic leukemia

Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis

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