Indole as a new sustainable aromatic unit for high quality biopolyesters

Abstract

For the first time, indole has been used as a sustainable aromatic unit to produce high quality biopolyesters.

Polybutylene terephthalate modified with dimer acid methyl ester derived from fatty acid methyl esters and its use as a hot‐melt adhesive

“…All samples had high molecular weights (M n ) in the range of 8.8 to 19.6 kg mol −1 , comparable to values in the literature and for commercial products. 28,32 With increasing DAME content in the polyester copolymer series, the obtained molar mass gradually increased. This behavior could have two explanations.…”

Biobased aliphatic polyesters from a spirocyclic dicarboxylate monomer derived from levulinic acid

“…To avoid this issue, a modified melt polycondensation was investigated. 61,62 In this procedure, the transesterification was completed during 30 h under continuous nitrogen flow using xylene (mixture of isomers) as a solvent. The subsequent polycondensation was performed at a 130 °C during 40 h using mesitylene as a solvent at an increased 21 nitrogen flow.…”

Sustainable aromatic polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units

“…49 Enlightened by the rapid development of PEF, we have recently initiated investigation on the use of another sustainable aromatic unit, indole, for polyester backbone structures. 50 Indole is a large aromatic unit that widely exists in nature and wastewater streams, animal feces, and is frequently used in industry. [51][52][53] There are several bio-based production routes for indole, such as thermal conversion and ammonization of furfural, 54 pyrolysis of micro-algae, 55 microbial synthesis from glucose, 56 and direct conversion from bio-based aniline and ethylene glycol.…”