Abstract:The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. UW4 was transformed to increase the biosynthesis of the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Four native IAA biosynthesis genes from strain UW4 were individually cloned into an expression vector and introduced back into the wild-type strain. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the introduced genes ami, nit, nthAB and phe were all overexpressed in these transformants. A significant increase in the production of IAA was o… Show more
“…For example, PGPB that produce IAA under saline conditions may supply an additional amount of this phytohormone to plants. The supplementary IAA may help to stimulate root growth and partially reverse the growth inhibiting effects of salt stress in both shoot and root growth, as well as improving other physiological parameters like chlorophyll content (Duca et al, 2018). In this regard, the mutants constructed here did not show any impairment in IAA synthesis, since all of them showed similar production when compared to the wild-type strain (Table 3).…”
Soil salinity is a major problem in agriculture. However, crop growth and productivity can be improved by the inoculation of plants with beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth under stress conditions such as high salinity. Here, we evaluated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and trehalose accumulation of the plant growth promoting bacterium
Pseudomonas
sp. UW4. Mutant strains (mutated at
acdS, treS
, or both) and a trehalose over-expressing strain (
OxtreS
) were constructed. The
acdS
mutant was ACC deaminase minus; the
treS
-
strain significantly decreased its accumulation of trehalose, and the double mutant was affected in both characteristics. The
OxtreS
strain accumulated more trehalose than the wild-type strain UW4. Inoculating tomato plants subjected to salt stress with these strains significantly impacted root and shoot length, total dry weight, and chlorophyll content. The evaluated parameters in the single
acdS
and
treS
mutants were impaired. The double
acdS
/
treS
mutant was negatively affected to a greater extent than the single-gene mutants, suggesting a synergistic action of these activities in the protection of plants against salt stress. Finally, the
OxtreS
overproducing strain protected tomato plants to a greater extent under stress conditions than the wild-type strain. Taken together, these results are consistent with the synergistic action of ACC deaminase and trehalose in
Pseudomonas
sp. UW4 in the protection of tomato plants against salt stress.
“…For example, PGPB that produce IAA under saline conditions may supply an additional amount of this phytohormone to plants. The supplementary IAA may help to stimulate root growth and partially reverse the growth inhibiting effects of salt stress in both shoot and root growth, as well as improving other physiological parameters like chlorophyll content (Duca et al, 2018). In this regard, the mutants constructed here did not show any impairment in IAA synthesis, since all of them showed similar production when compared to the wild-type strain (Table 3).…”
Soil salinity is a major problem in agriculture. However, crop growth and productivity can be improved by the inoculation of plants with beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth under stress conditions such as high salinity. Here, we evaluated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and trehalose accumulation of the plant growth promoting bacterium
Pseudomonas
sp. UW4. Mutant strains (mutated at
acdS, treS
, or both) and a trehalose over-expressing strain (
OxtreS
) were constructed. The
acdS
mutant was ACC deaminase minus; the
treS
-
strain significantly decreased its accumulation of trehalose, and the double mutant was affected in both characteristics. The
OxtreS
strain accumulated more trehalose than the wild-type strain UW4. Inoculating tomato plants subjected to salt stress with these strains significantly impacted root and shoot length, total dry weight, and chlorophyll content. The evaluated parameters in the single
acdS
and
treS
mutants were impaired. The double
acdS
/
treS
mutant was negatively affected to a greater extent than the single-gene mutants, suggesting a synergistic action of these activities in the protection of plants against salt stress. Finally, the
OxtreS
overproducing strain protected tomato plants to a greater extent under stress conditions than the wild-type strain. Taken together, these results are consistent with the synergistic action of ACC deaminase and trehalose in
Pseudomonas
sp. UW4 in the protection of tomato plants against salt stress.
“…brasilense on the plant can vary according to the concentration of the inoculant [66,70]. In general, plant hormones are stimulatory only at certain concentrations, which should not exceed the stimulatory threshold specific to each plant genotype [71]. The higher concentration of A .…”
Maize genotypes can show different responsiveness to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and an intriguing issue is which genes of the plant are involved in the recognition and growth promotion by these Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). We conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) using additive and heterozygous (dis)advantage models to find candidate genes for root and shoot traits under nitrogen (N) stress and N stress plus A. brasilense. A total of 52,215 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers were used for GWAS analyses. For the six root traits with significant inoculation effect, the GWAS analyses revealed 25 significant SNPs for the N stress plus A. brasilense treatment, in which only two were overlapped with the 22 found for N stress only. Most were found by the heterozygous (dis)advantage model and were more related to exclusive gene ontology terms. Interestingly, the candidate genes around the significant SNPs found for the maize–A. brasilense association were involved in different functions previously described for PGPB in plants (e.g. signaling pathways of the plant's defense system and phytohormone biosynthesis). Our findings are a benchmark in the understanding of the genetic variation among maize hybrids for the association with A. brasilense and reveal the potential for further enhancement of maize through this association.
“…Interestingly, we found a gene encoding a nitrilase ( nit , EI613_03300), which is 74% similar that encoded by a nit that converts indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) directly into IAA or into indol-3-acetamide (IAM) in the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. UW4 [53, 54]. In the latter pathway, the conversion of IAM into IAA requires the action of IAM-hydrolases, for which we found two candidate genes, EI613_04545 e EI613_07015.…”
Given their remarkable beneficial effects on plant growth, several Azospirillum isolates currently integrate the formulations of various commercial inoculants. Our research group isolated a new strain, Azospirillum sp. UENF-412522, from passion fruit rhizoplane. This isolate uses carbon sources that are partially distinct from closely-related Azospirillum isolates. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and population counts demonstrate the ability of Azospirillum sp. UENF-412522 to colonize the surface of passion fruit roots. In vitro assays demonstrate the ability of Azospirillum sp. UENF-412522 to fix atmospheric nitrogen, to solubilize phosphate and to produce indole-acetic acid. Passion fruit plantlets inoculated with Azospirillum sp. UENF-41255 showed increased shoot and root fresh matter, as well as root dry matter, further highlighting its biotechnological potential for agriculture. We sequenced the genome of Azospirillum sp. UENF-412522 to investigate the genetic basis of its plant-growth promotion properties. We identified the key nif genes for nitrogen fixation, the complete PQQ operon for phosphate solubilization, the acdS gene that alleviates ethylene effects on plant growth, and the napCAB operon, which produces nitrite under anoxic conditions. We also found several genes conferring resistance to common soil antibiotics, which are critical for Azospirillum sp. UENF-412522 survival in the rhizosphere. Finally, we also assessed the Azospirillum pangenome and highlighted key genes involved in plant growth promotion. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus was also conducted. Our results support Azospirillum sp. UENF-412522 as a good candidate for bioinoculant formulations focused on plant growth promotion in sustainable systems.
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