Indocyanine Green-Assisted and LED-Light-Activated Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Reduces Dental Plaque

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and first efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted antimicrobial photodynamictherapy (aPDT) as activated using LED light to the dental plaque. Methods: Fifteen healthy adults were assigned to this four-day randomized study. After rinsing with ICG, 100 J/cm2 of 810 nm LED light was applied to the aPDT-treatment area. Plaque area and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were measured, and plaque bacteriomes before and after the study were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: aPDT administration was preformed successfully and plaque-specifically with the combination of ICG and the applicator. Total plaque area and endpoint MMP-8 levels were reduced on the aPDT-treatment side. aPDT reduced Streptococcus, Acinetobacteria, Capnocytophaga, and Rothia bacteria species in plaques. Conclusion: ICG-assisted aPDT reduces plaque forming bacteria and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proteolytic effects.

Repeated Home-Applied Dual-Light Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Can Reduce Plaque Burden, Inflammation, and aMMP-8 in Peri-Implant Disease—A Pilot Study

“…The rapid development in LED technology has provided an opportunity to attack dental plaque [43] with light-based antibacterial treatment applications (www.lumoral.com; Koite Health LTD, Espoo, Finland). LED technology can bring the treatment location from clinics to home.…”

Repeated Daily Use of Dual-Light Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontal Disease—A Case Report

“…The device has an ICG mouthrinse, which is rinsed for one minute. The ICG attaches to the residual dental plaque [ 8 ]. After the rinsing, a light applicator activates the antibacterial effect.…”

A Randomized Trial of Home-Applied Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy in Stable Chronic Periodontitis -Three-Month Interim Results

“…We have investigated the effect of combined aPDT and aBL against different bacterial biofilms using ICG photosensitizer. The simultaneous application of aBL has significantly increased the bactericidal impact compared to the aPDT alone [12][13][14]21]. However, the ability of the adjunctive Lumoral® treatment to provide an antibacterial effect in the periodontal pocket is not known.…”

“…Dual-light therapy is a combined application of aPDT and aBL, and it has shown significant antibacterial efficacy in biofilms and a reduction in dental plaque development [12][13][14]9]. Lumoral® is a novel CE-marked medical device which provides simultaneous 405 nm aBL and 810 nm near-infrared (NIR) LED light in a mouthguard form.…”

“…With indocyanine green (ICG) mouth rinse, Lumorinse® (Koite Health LTD, Espoo, Finland), the product offers simultaneous aBL and aPDT action. Selective adherence of ICG to plaque and bacteria leads to targeted antibacterial activity at the dental plaque [12,13]. In regular home use, the dual-light treatment by Lumoral® reduced inflammation and inflammatory markers in peri-implant disease and has shown benefits when used to support oral hygiene at home [9,15].…”