Individuelle Unterschiede und die Bearbeitung komplexer Probleme

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über individuelle Unterschiede bei der Lösung komplexer Probleme. Betrachtet werden Unterschiede in Wissen und Fertigkeiten, in Parametern der Informationsverarbeitung und in motivationalen Variablen. Das bereichsspezifische Vorwissen wird dabei als stärkste Einflussvariable identifiziert. Charakteristisch für Problemlöseprozesse sind Veränderungen im Wissen und in der Motivation, was den Einfluss vorab erhobener Variablen schmälert. Für die zukünftige Forschung wird gefordert, die zentrale Rolle von Strategien näher zu untersuchen, sie mit Aufgabenanalysen zu verknüpfen und Simulationsmodelle weiter zu entwickeln.

Cultural differences in dynamic decision-making strategies in a non-linear, time-delayed task

“…Researchers have recommended exploration of not only individual difference variables, such as intelligence or working memory capacity, but also of people's actual behavior when making dynamic decisions (Brehmer, 1999) and the strategies they used (Schoppek & Putz-Osterloh, 2003). Thus, our focus on strategies addressed this recommendation.…”

The Role of Motivation in Complex Problem Solving

“…Under a broader perspective, CPS can be defined as the study of cognitive, emotional, motivational, and social processes when people are confronted with such complex, dynamic and non-transparent problem situations (Schoppek and Putz-Osterloh, 2003 ; Dörner and Güss, 2011 , 2013 ; Funke, 2012 ). The assumption here is that focusing solely on cognitive processes reveals an incomplete picture or an inaccurate one.…”

Fire and Ice

“…This is partly due to the strategies. Strategies predicted performance better than computer experience and intelligence, showing the relevance of studying strategies in CPS as Schoppek and Putz-Osterloh (2003) suggested. Our results support Brehmer’s (1999) claim that researchers in the field of decision making should focus on what people actually do.…”

“…Recently, researchers have recommended exploration of not only those individual difference variables but also the process, what people are actually doing while making dynamic decisions (Brehmer, 1999), and the strategies used (Schoppek & Putz-Osterloh, 2003; Strohschneider & Güss, 1998). Thus, our focus on strategies, specifically action orientation, addresses this recommendation.…”