Individuals With Higher CD4/CD8 Ratio Exhibit Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and In-Hospital Mortality During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Pascual-Dapena, Ana; Chillarón, Juan J.; Llauradó, Gemma; Arnau-Barrés, Isabel; Flores, Juana M.; López-Montesinos, Inmaculada; Sorlí, Luisa; Martínez-Pérez, Juan Luis; Gómez-Zorrilla, Sílvia; Du, Juan; García-Giralt, Natàlia; Güerri‐Fernández, Robert

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.924267

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The FACS results showed that both MIF knockout and infection time affected the CD3 + CD8 − / CD3 + CD8 + ratio. Additionally, the ratio increased in both the WTs7 and KTs7 groups, which is similar to the results of a previous study, reflecting changes in the host immune response 75,76 . Increased IL‐4 and decreased IFN‐γ levels could be observed in the spleen of the WT and MIF KO mice at 14 and 35 dpi, except for the increase in IFN‐γ at 7 dpi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Additionally, the ratio increased in both the WTs7 and KTs7 groups, which is similar to the results of a previous study, reflecting changes in the host immune response. 75,76 Increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ levels could be observed in the spleen of the WT and MIF KO mice at 14 and 35 dpi, except for the increase in IFN-γ at 7 dpi. Anti-inflammatory IL-4 could enhance the intestinal epithelium barrier, while proinflammatory IFN-γ could injure the gut barrier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The impact of MIF deficiency on alterations of fecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice induced by Trichinella spiralis infection

Xie,

Xu,

Yan

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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Trichinellosis caused by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a major food‐borne parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Prevention of trichinellosis is an effective strategy to improve patient quality of life. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is closely related to the occurrence and development of several parasitic diseases. Studying the impact of MIF deficiency (Mif−/−) on the alterations in host fecal microbiota due to T. spiralis infection may contribute to proposing a novel dual therapeutic approach for trichinellosis. To reveal the diversity and differences in fecal microbial composition, feces were collected from T. spiralis‐uninfected and T. spiralis‐infected wild‐type (WT) and MIF knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice at 0, 7, 14, and 35 days post‐infection (dpi), and the samples were sent for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 in the CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell sets of mouse spleens. The results showed that operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering, relative abundance of microbial composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity exhibited significant changes among the eight groups. The LEfSe analysis selected several potential biomarkers at the genus or species level, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus murinus, Coprococcus catus, Firmicutes bacterium M10_2, Parabacteroides sp. CT06, and Bacteroides between the KTs and WTs groups. The predicted bacterial functions of the fecal microbiota were mainly involved in metabolism, such as the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors, vitamins, nucleotides, glycans, and lipids. Flow cytometry revealed an increased CD3+CD8−/CD3+CD8+ T‐cell ratio and increased IFN‐γ and IL‐4 levels in CD3+CD8− T‐cell sets from WT and MIF KO mice at 7 dpi. The results indicated that both MIF KO and infection time have a significant influence on the CD3+CD8−IFN‐γ+ and CD3+CD8−IL‐4+ response in mice after T. spiralis. In conclusion, this research showed alterations of the fecal microbiota and immune response in both WT and MIF KO mice before and after T. spiralis infection. These results revealed a potential role of MIF in regulating the pathogenesis of trichinellosis related to the intestinal microbiota. Importantly, the selected potential biomarkers combined with MIF will also offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat trichinellosis in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The impact of MIF deficiency on alterations of fecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice induced by Trichinella spiralis infection

Xie,

Xu,

Yan

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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“…The most vulnerable groups of patients with the highest risk of a severe infection include elderly persons and immunocompromised people. People living with HIV are a non-homogeneous group of immunocompromised persons, which includes both low CD4 count and ongoing immune activation impacting the response differently to and course of other viral infections [ 3 , 4 ]. Detectable viral load and concomitant chronic comorbidities independently increase the risk of severe outcomes of COVID-19 in this group of patients [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Vaccinations against COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Patients: Data from Observational Study in Poland

et al. 2023

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People living with HIV (PLWH) are a heterogeneous group of immunocompromised persons, yet underrepresented in randomized clinical trials leading to vaccination registration. Detectable HIV viral load and having chronic comorbidities may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in this group of patients. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of vaccinations against COVID-19 in PLWH. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of HIV-positive individuals routinely followed up between 1st January 2021 and 30 April 2022 that were at the HIV Outpatient Clinic in Warsaw. The analysis included data on the type and date of administration of subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccination, adverse vaccine reactions, and the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: In total, 217 patients were included in the analysis, with a median age of 43 years (IQR: 35.5–51.5 years) and median CD4+ count of 591 cells/uL (IQR: 459.5–745.0 cells/uL). Most of the patients were male (191/217, 88.0%) and were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine (143/217, 65.9%). None of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 required hospitalization. Vaccine adverse events (VAE) mostly occurred after the 1st dose (in 33/217 (15.2%)), and none of them were severe or required medical care. Conclusions: In our cohort of patients, vaccination against COVID-19 proved to be safe and effective against a severe course of the disease among people living with HIV. However, vaccination, to a lesser degree, protects against mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Longer observations are required in order to assess the sustainability of protection against severe COVID-19 in this group of patients.

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“…have been associated with increased risk of fatal outcomes during acute Covid-19 [24]. However, the CD4 + /CD8 + T-cell ratio appears to remain constant during SARS-CoV-2 infection in PWH compared with HIV-uninfected individuals in whom the ratio is increased [25].…”

Section: T-cell Cross-reactivity To Omicronmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A total of 24 HIV-uninfected women (n = 12 pregnant, n = 12 postpartum) and 15 WLWH (n = 5 pregnant n = 5 postpartum, n = 5 not pregnant) were recruited with a median age of 30 years (IQR: [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and 34 years (IQR: 29-40; p = 0.035), respectively. Most of the participants (56.4%, 22/39) had been infected with the Beta variant (B.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Enrolled Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-cell responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant among unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV in South Africa

McMahon,

Kwatra,

Izu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 cell-mediated immunity remains understudied during pregnancy in unvaccinated black African women living with HIV (WLWH) from low- and middle-income countries. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses one-month post infection in 24 HIV-uninfected women and 15 WLWH at any stage during pregnancy or postpartum. The full-length spike (FLS) glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N) protein of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2, as well as mutated spike protein regions found in the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) were targeted by flow cytometry. WT-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells elicited similar FLS- and N-specific responses in HIV-uninfected women and WLWH. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-lymphocytes were TNF-α monofunctional in pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV, with fever cells producing either IFN-γ or IL-2. Furthermore, T-cell responses were unaffected by Omicron-specific spike mutations since similar responses between Omicron and the ancestral virus were detected for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our results collectively demonstrate comparable T-cell responses between WLWH on antiretroviral therapy and HIV-uninfected pregnant and postpartum women who were naïve to Covid-19 vaccination. Additionally, we show that T cells from women infected with the ancestral virus, Beta variant (B.1.351), or Delta variant (B.1.617.2) can cross-recognize Omicron, which may suggest an overall preservation of T-cell immunity. MAIN TEXT

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Individuals With Higher CD4/CD8 Ratio Exhibit Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and In-Hospital Mortality During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

The impact of MIF deficiency on alterations of fecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice induced by Trichinella spiralis infection

The impact of MIF deficiency on alterations of fecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice induced by Trichinella spiralis infection

The Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Vaccinations against COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Patients: Data from Observational Study in Poland

T-cell responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant among unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV in South Africa

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