Individually assessed boldness predicts <i>Perca fluviatilis</i> behaviour in shoals, but is not associated with the capture order or angling method

Kekäläinen, Jukka; Podgorniak, T.; Puolakka, T.; Hyvärinen, Pekka; Vainikka, Anssi

doi:10.1111/jfb.12516

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Since our data come from only two populations, the present results should be interpreted very cautiously. Recent work in various species has shown that many fishes are fairly consistent in boldness (e.g., Conrad et al, 2011;Kekäläinen et al, 2014b), and that personality components in fish can have heritable components (Kortet et al, 2014). Because fish in both of the study populations were individually consistent in their boldness and activity, the present results are well in line with the previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Personality differences in two minnow populations that differ in their parasitism and predation risk

et al. 2015

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Animals are often individually consistent in their behavior, not only over time, but also across different functional contexts. Recent research has focused on phenotypic and evolutionary mechanisms explaining such personality differences through selection. Parasitism and predation induce important mortality and fitness costs, and are thus main candidates to create and maintain personality differences in the wild. Here, we present data on the behavioral consistency of the Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) from two populations that live in different tributaries of the same river, but whose ecological environment differs fundamentally with regard to predation and parasitism. We experimentally demonstrate that individual minnow in both study populations are consistent in their boldness and activity. However, the two study populations differ notably: in the high predation and parasitism risk population fish show higher mean boldness, but tend to be less active than fish in low predation and parasitism risk population. Parasite (Diplostomum phoxini) load was negatively, but not statistically significantly, associated with fish activity level. Our study suggests that parasitism and predation are likely important agents in the ecology and evolution of animal personalities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Immediately after the experiment, the focal fish were returned to their individual containers. Similar individual aquarium-scale experiments have been demonstrated to predict individual behavior in ecologically relevant contexts in other fish species (Kekäläinen et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Behavioral Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Personality differences in two minnow populations that differ in their parasitism and predation risk

et al. 2015

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“…in their risk-taking tendency; Magnhagen et al 2012). While Kekäläinen et al (2014) did not find clear evidence that Eurasian perch captured with different angling methods in a dense population would differ in experimentally observed behaviour, it is yet unknown whether the predicted link between behavioural variation and catchability would be present in certain populations and when amplified by combining the capture order effect with angling gear effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In order to test whether the perch captured with artificial and natural methods exhibit different behaviour, we conducted a 13-day experiment in semi-natural environment in April 2012 (see also Kekäläinen et al 2014). Individual behaviour was followed in groups, since perch is a strong schooling species and probably becomes stressed in isolation (Magnhagen and Bunnefeld 2009).…”

Section: Behavioural Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural variation in Eurasian perch populations with respect to relative catchability

et al. 2015

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Animal personalities, i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour, are currently of high interest among behavioural and evolutionary biologists. The topic has received increasing attention also in fisheries science because selective harvesting of certain behavioural types might impose fishing-induced selection on personality. Here, we ice-fished wild Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) from three native populations and investigated whether differences in relative catchability would explain behavioural differences observed in experimental conditions. We inferred relative catchability differences indirectly by fishing each location first with generally inefficient artificial bait and then by more efficient natural bait. The captured, individually tagged fish were tested in groups for their exploration tendency, activity and boldness under authentic predation risk in semi-natural stream channels. Fish that were easily captured first with artificial bait expressed fast exploration and acute activity, whereas the fish captured with natural bait showed less active and explorative behaviour. Differences in relative catchability did not explain variation in boldness or body size. In conclusion, we found that (1) Eurasian perch differing in relative catchability differ in certain behavioural traits, (2) fast explorers are more common among fish that get easily caught compared to fish that are more difficult to catch, (3) relative catchability explains more behavioural variation in a novel environment than in a familiar one and (4) selectivity of recreational angling on fish behaviour may depend on applied angling method and the effort spent on each location.

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“…This variability could reflect different strategies adopted by perch, possibly related to sex-specific responses to environmental changes (Estlander et al, 2015) or to predation risk (Estlander & Nurminen, 2014) that also exists even if limited on these large individuals, as well as to the existence of different fish personalities in the population, for example bold or shy individuals, which have been shown to forage or manage the predation risk differently (Kekalainen et al, 2014;Harkonen et al, 2016). Unfortunately, despite the surgical operation, the gender of perch was seldom determined because the smallest possible incision was favored to provide the greatest chance of full healing.…”

Section: Individual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat use and preference of adult perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in a deep reservoir: variations with seasons, water levels and individuals

Westrelin¹,

Roy²,

Tissot-Rey³

et al. 2017

Hydrobiologia

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Perch Perca fluviatilis is a widespread predator in European reservoirs, frequent in open waters but also known to spend a lot of time in the littoral zones. To get insight into how adult perch used and selected their habitat in an environment subject to water level fluctuations, 21 perch were continuously tracked using acoustic telemetry over 2 years in the Bariousses reservoir (France). The different available habitats were characterized by depth classes and substrate types, presence of emerging trees, and presence of tree stumps in the littoral zone. We showed that perch habitat preferences were strongly dependent on the season, except for substrate type, and in line with their habitat use. Surprisingly we did not find any influence of the water level which however reduced the structural complexity of the littoral zone when lowering. In spring and summer, whatever the water level, we observed a strong preference for the littoral zone and complex habitats. In autumn and winter, perch migrated into deeper waters. However, the individual variability of the habitat preferences was quite high. This type of research helps to understand the spatial ecology of fish and provides useful guidance to hydromorphological restoration for fish populations.

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Individually assessed boldness predicts Perca fluviatilis behaviour in shoals, but is not associated with the capture order or angling method

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Personality differences in two minnow populations that differ in their parasitism and predation risk

Personality differences in two minnow populations that differ in their parasitism and predation risk

Behavioural variation in Eurasian perch populations with respect to relative catchability

Habitat use and preference of adult perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in a deep reservoir: variations with seasons, water levels and individuals

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