Abstract:Gait dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease can be partly relieved by rhythmic auditory cueing. This consists in asking patients to walk with a rhythmic auditory stimulus such as a metronome or music. The effect on gait is visible immediately in terms of increased speed and stride length. Moreover, training programs based on rhythmic cueing can have long-term benefits. The effect of rhythmic cueing, however, varies from one patient to the other. Patients' response to the stimulation may depend on rhythmic abiliti… Show more
“…To differentiate these types, a recent study investigated if healthy subjects synchronized their steps to music when uninstructed and instructed, and concluded that instruction was required for synchronization to occur. 11 This finding is consistent with previous studies in healthy controls (HCs) and in persons with PD 12,13 as well. Yet, in these studies, the motor thresholds where participants were asked to walk was set at either 5%, 10%, 13 and 10%, 15% 11 above or below their usual walking frequency.…”
Evidence for using auditory–motor coupling in neurological rehabilitation to facilitate walking is increasing. However, the distinction between spontaneous and intended coupling and its underlying mechanisms is yet to be investigated. In this study, we include 30 persons with multiple sclerosis and 30 healthy controls (HCs) in an experiment with two sessions in which participants were asked to walk to music with various tempi, matching their preferred walking cadence (PWC) up to 10% above in incremental steps of 2%. In the first session, no instructions were given to synchronize. In the second, participants were instructed to synchronize steps to the beats. Spontaneous synchronization was possible at 0% and +2% of the PWC, and fewer persons with multiple sclerosis were able to do so compared with HCs. Instruction was needed to synchronize at above +2% tempo in all participants. In the instructed session, the +6% condition marked a cutoff for cognitively impaired persons, as they were no longer able to synchronize. Based on our findings, we constructed a model illustrating that spontaneous entrainment is limited, operating during spontaneous coupling at only 0% and +2% of the PWC, and that at a higher tempo, entrainment requires intentional synchronization, with an active cognitive control mechanism.
“…To differentiate these types, a recent study investigated if healthy subjects synchronized their steps to music when uninstructed and instructed, and concluded that instruction was required for synchronization to occur. 11 This finding is consistent with previous studies in healthy controls (HCs) and in persons with PD 12,13 as well. Yet, in these studies, the motor thresholds where participants were asked to walk was set at either 5%, 10%, 13 and 10%, 15% 11 above or below their usual walking frequency.…”
Evidence for using auditory–motor coupling in neurological rehabilitation to facilitate walking is increasing. However, the distinction between spontaneous and intended coupling and its underlying mechanisms is yet to be investigated. In this study, we include 30 persons with multiple sclerosis and 30 healthy controls (HCs) in an experiment with two sessions in which participants were asked to walk to music with various tempi, matching their preferred walking cadence (PWC) up to 10% above in incremental steps of 2%. In the first session, no instructions were given to synchronize. In the second, participants were instructed to synchronize steps to the beats. Spontaneous synchronization was possible at 0% and +2% of the PWC, and fewer persons with multiple sclerosis were able to do so compared with HCs. Instruction was needed to synchronize at above +2% tempo in all participants. In the instructed session, the +6% condition marked a cutoff for cognitively impaired persons, as they were no longer able to synchronize. Based on our findings, we constructed a model illustrating that spontaneous entrainment is limited, operating during spontaneous coupling at only 0% and +2% of the PWC, and that at a higher tempo, entrainment requires intentional synchronization, with an active cognitive control mechanism.
“…Also, we only observed enhanced power at the beat frequency following beat-based sequences in about half of the participants, in line with individual differences in reliance on beat-based perception. Understanding individual differences in temporal expectations is therefore an important direction for future research, with significant implications for applications of musical rhythm, such as in motor rehabilitation (Dalla Bella, Dotov, Bardy, & Cochen De Cock, 2018).…”
Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (h.a.slagter@vu.nl).
AbstractTemporal expectations (e.g., predicting "when") facilitate sensory processing, and are suggested to rely on entrainment of low frequency neural oscillations to regular rhythmic input.However, temporal expectations can be formed not only in response to a regular beat, such as in music ("beat-based" expectations), but also based on a predictable pattern of temporal intervals of different durations ("memory-based" expectations). Here, we examined the neural mechanisms underlying beat-based and memory-based expectations, by assessing EEG activity and behavioral responses during silent periods following rhythmic auditory sequences that allowed for beat-based or memory-based expectations, or had random timing. In Experiment 1 (N = 32), participants rated how well probe tones at various time points fitted the previous rhythm. Beat-based expectations affected fitness ratings for at least two beat-cycles, while the effects of memory-based expectations subsided after the first expected time point in the silence window. In Experiment 2 (N = 27), using EEG, we found a CNV following the final tones of memory-based and random, but not beat-based sequences, suggesting that climbing neuronal activity may specifically reflect memory-based expectations. Moreover, we found enhanced power in the EEG signal at the beat frequency for beat-based sequences both during listening and the silence. For memory-based sequences, we found enhanced power at a frequency inherent to the memory-based pattern only during listening, but not during the silence, suggesting that ongoing entrainment of low frequency oscillations may be specific to beatbased expectations. Finally, using multivariate pattern decoding on the raw EEG data, we could classify above chance from the silence which type of sequence participants had heard before.Together, our results suggest that beat-based and memory-based expectations rely on entrainment and climbing neuronal activity, respectively.
“…For example, sonification efficiently reduced the variability of golf swing gestures in novices 118,119 , or improved the pedal force effectiveness among cyclists 120 . The beneficial effects of sonification in reeducating patients with severe gait dysfunctions, such as Parkinson's disease patients, by rhythmic auditory cueing [21][22][23]121 , or neuromotor deficits related to the fluency of handwriting, such as dysgraphia [122][123][124][125][126] , were also well recognized. In the same way, we suppose that such continuous auditory feedback may help musicians and dancers improve or recover their body awareness, for example, through experiments of sound tracing and motor mimicry, which are already known to stimulate covert mental images associated with musical experience 58,81,127,128 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In dance practice, conversely, the mirror neuron system may decode the perceived expressiveness into fine movement structures through the same kind of grounded synergetic processes [16][17][18] . In the domain of rehabilitation, rhythmic auditory stimuli were efficient in reducing movement disorders and improving walking abilities in Parkinson's disease and stroke patients [19][20][21][22][23] .…”
Section: Jocelyn Rozé * Mitsuko Aramaki Richard Kronland-martinet mentioning
variations were modeled by means of the descriptors highlighted in our previous work 48 for characterizing the perceived harsh phenomenon (cf Table 2).
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