Individualism and governance of the commons

Cai, Meina; Murtazashvili, Ilia; Murtazashvili, Jennifer Brick; Salahodjaev, Raufhon

doi:10.1007/s11127-019-00722-3

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Meanwhile, regions marked by low disease prevalence were more open to interactions with out-group members, resulting in the development of individualistic cultural values (Fincher & Thornhill, 2012;Thornhill & Fincher, 2014). While previous studies have employed the PSTV to established a link between disease prevalence and macrolevel outcomes such as long-run economic growth (Gorodnichenko & Roland, 2011a, income inequality , economic and political institutions (Gorodnichenko & Roland, 2015;Thornhill & Fincher, 2014), and forest preservation (Cai et al, 2019), we extend this literature to the domain of innovation.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Disease Prevalence, Cultural Values, and Global Innovation

Bennett

Nikolaev

2020

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

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The historical prevalence of infectious diseases has had an enduring effect on innovation around the world. Building on the Parasite Stress Theory of Values, we propose a framework suggestive that the impact of historical disease pathogens on contemporary innovation is transmitted through the development of cultural values as an evolutionary psychological immune system response to ecological conditions. Economic and social interaction between groups was greater (limited) in countries with low (high) pathogen levels, resulting in the development of individualistic (collectivistic) values, which in turn encouraged (impeded) innovation. We provide supportive empirical evidence for a sample of 83 countries.

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Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Disease Prevalence, Cultural Values, and Global Innovation

Bennett

Nikolaev

2020

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

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“…Also see Cai et al . (2020), who employs a similar approach, and find that pathogen prevalence predicts collectivism, which, in turn, explains reforestation rates across countries. According to this narrative, individualism promotes experimentation with property rights institutions and better governance of the commons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic freedom reform: does culture matter?

Moellman

Tarabar

2021

Journal of Institutional Economics

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We analyse the role of culture in economic freedom reform and dispersion in an unbalanced panel of up to 80 countries, and in dyadic models with up to 3,003 unique country pairs. We find that a sense of individualism strengthens the effectiveness of democracy in promoting economic freedom within countries over 1950–2015, and that institutional distance between countries increases in their cultural distance, suggesting an important role of culture in determining long-run institutional equilibria. Our results are robust to a large variety of socio-economic controls, measures of institutions and measures of bilateral geographic, economic and demographic distances.

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“…In a similar vein, other scholars find that individualism has a positive influence on economic development through improving the quality of institutions (Williamson & Kerekes, 2011;Kyriacou, 2016;, fostering an egalitarian distribution of income , reducing gender inequality (Davis & Williamson, 2019), and strengthening innovative entrepreneurship (Assmann & Ehrl, 2021). More recently, Cai et al (2020) indicate that collectivistic countries, relative to their individualistic counterparts, tend to experience higher levels of deforestation due to weaker property rights. In an attempt to trace the deep roots of democratization, Gorodnichenko and Roland (2021) suggest that collectivism, characterized by its emphasis on conformity and strong disinclinations towards radical institutional reforms, is associated with a lower probability of evolving towards democracy.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Cultural Barriers to Sustaining Collective Effort in Vaccination Against COVID-19

2021

SSRN Journal

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This study attempts to shed light on long-term cultural barriers to strengthening collective action in COVID-19 vaccination. I propose that rugged individualism, characterized by emphasis on self-reliance and strong antipathy to government intervention, is linked to a greater prevalence of resistance to inoculation against the novel coronavirus across American counties.The main hypothesis of this paper rests upon the premise that a culture of rugged individualism is conducive to the emergence and persistence of mistrust, political polarization and distrust in science, which undermine collective effort in vaccination. Using subnational data for the United States, I consistently find evidence that rugged individualism, captured by long-run exposure to the westward-moving frontier in American history, has a positive influence on the predicted share of the population that is hesitant towards voluntary vaccination against COVID-19. In addition, individualistic counties tend to suffer from under-vaccination, captured by lower rates of the population that has been fully inoculated against COVID-19.More broadly, the findings suggest that rugged individualism is an impediment to resolving collective action problems, notwithstanding the widely acknowledged positive impact of individualistic cultures on innovation and long-run economic performance.

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Individualism and governance of the commons

Cited by 17 publications

References 101 publications

Historical Disease Prevalence, Cultural Values, and Global Innovation

Historical Disease Prevalence, Cultural Values, and Global Innovation

Economic freedom reform: does culture matter?

Long-Term Cultural Barriers to Sustaining Collective Effort in Vaccination Against COVID-19

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