“…The analysis showed the existence of cause-effect relationships among various constructs, most of which were statistically significant. Table 1 Relationships among gamification's construct Authors Constructs MOT FLO ATT PLE (Ding, Kim, & Orey, 2017;Zamora & Aranda, 2017) X X X X (Browne, Anand, & Gosse, 2014) X X X (Ahmed & Sutton, 2017;Betts, Bal, & Betts, 2013;Hamari et al, 2016) X X X (Adukaite et al, 2017;Birch & Woodruff, 2017;Borras-Gene, Martinez-Nunez, & Fidalgo-Blanco, 2016;de-Marcos, Garcia-Cabot, & Garcia-Lopez, 2017;Domínguez et al, 2013;Hakulinen, Auvinen, & Korhonen, 2015;Hew, Huang, Chu, & Chiu, 2016;Kirillov, Vinichenko, Melnichuk, Melnichuk, & Vinogradova, 2016;Landers & Landers, 2014;Seixas, Gomes, & de Melo Filho, 2016;Su & Cheng, 2015) X X X ( (Alabbasi, 2017;Attali & Arieli-Attali, 2015;Buckley & Doyle, 2017;Bustillo, Rivera, Guzman, & Acosta, 2017;Cadavid & Montoya Gómez, 2015;Cakiroglu, Basibuyuk, Guler, Atabay, & Memis, 2017;Carenys et al, 2017;C.-H. Chen, Liu, & Hwang, 2016;Cheong, Filippou, & Cheong, 2014;Chubarkova, Sadchikov, Suslova, Tsaregorodtsev, & Milova, 2016;Chun, Youm, & Oh, 2015;de-Marcos et al, 2016;Dias, 2017;Evans, 2016;Fernandez-Mesa, Olmos-Penuela, & Alegre, 2016;Garcia Gaitero, Costa Roman, & Real Garcia, 2016;…”