Individual Workplace Well-Being Captured into a Literature- and Stakeholders-Based Causal Loop Diagram

Niks, I.; Veldhuis, G.A.; Zwieten, Marianne H. J. van; Sluijs, Teun; Wiezer, N.M.; Wortelboer, Heleen M.

doi:10.3390/ijerph19158925

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study that aimed to delineate a complex systems model of the broader societal context and living and working conditions in relation to the prevalence of burn-out. Two previous studies developed systems models on burn-out, yet, they focus on individual and workplace determinants of burn-out complaints or workplace wellbeing ( 30 , 39 ). Traditional theories on burn-out, such as for instance the job-demands resources (JD-R) model ( 41 ), also primarily focus on personal determinants and working conditions and how these affect the development of burn-out complaints in individual workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experts could also add factors to the CLD that were not listed in the overview, if they were considered relevant. Working with a pre-existing list of evidence-based determinants from which experts can select and possibly add factors to, offers an successful starting point for the development of a CLD ( 39 ). Moreover, presenting a broad spectrum of determinants at different levels and themes can motivate experts to think broader than their own scientific expertise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A system science perspective on burn-out: development of an expert-based causal loop diagram

Barsties,

van den Berg,

Leone

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionBurn-out leads to reduced worker well-being, long-term absenteeism, and high costs for employers and society. Determinants at different levels may affect burn-out in an interrelated and dynamic manner. The aim of the present study was to apply a broader systems perspective by exploring and visualizing the complex system of determinants at different levels (living conditions, working conditions, and societal developments) underlying the prevalence of burn-out in the Netherlands.MethodsDuring three group model building (GMB) sessions with in total eight experts on workers’ mental health, a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed and relevant feedback loops were identified. For the selection of determinants to be included in the CLD a recently published overview of determinants on burn-out at different levels was used. Experts could also add factors that were not listed in the overview.ResultsThe final CLD consists of 20 factors and depicts a central position of working conditions. Societal developments (e.g., access to mental health care, size of the working population, rougher social climate, etc.) were mostly located at the outside of the CLD and barely integrated in feedback loops. Several reinforcing feedback loops resulting in an increase of the prevalence of burn-out were identified in which the factors (very) high workload, imbalance between work and private life, and insufficient recovery time play an important role. Also, several balancing loops were found that visualize the crucial role of functional support from supervisors to prevent burn-out among workers.DiscussionApplying a broader systems perspective, including determinants at different levels, offers new insights into dynamic feedback loops that contribute to the prevalence of burn-out. Supervisors, amongst others, have a considerable impact on the system underlying the high prevalence of burn-out and may therefore contribute to its prevention. Even though societal developments were less integrated in feedback loops, they might be considered drivers of existing feedback loops. The results from this study confirm that determinants at various levels underly the prevalence of burn-out. To be able to address the diversity of determinants underlying a high prevalence of burn-out, a complex system approach can be helpful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A system science perspective on burn-out: development of an expert-based causal loop diagram

Barsties,

van den Berg,

Leone

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…With regard to research activities, system mapping and CLD's found their way in research fields such as public health (Sahin et al, 2020;Niks et al, 2022;Paina et al, 2014;Gillen et al, 2014;Werner et al, 2021;Allender et al, 2015), sustainability transitions (Amrina et al, 2021;Mies and Gold, 2021;Salvia et al, 2022) and policy design (Gudlaugsson et al, 2022;Sutanto et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2022). CLD's as a research method are used for different research purposes: (1) to analyse complex problems (Shoar and Payan, 2022;Salvia et al, 2022;Amrina et al, 2021); (2) to engage stakeholders in the research process (Gillen et al, 2014;Inam et al, 2015;Allendar et al, 2015); and, to a lesser extent, (3) to measure the effect of interventions in complex socio-technical systems (Cassidy et al, 2021;Richards et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Research Protocol for Using System Maps in Systemic Design Research

Moons,

Noëth,

Du Bois

et al. 2023

Proc. Des. Soc.

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System maps are established tools in design practice and education as well as non-design research, both as a process and an outcome of systemic analysis and synthesis. Applying causal loop diagrams (CLD's) in (systemic) design research could be of great value to tackle the growing societal complexity. At this moment there is, however, no clear research protocol to include the rich data necessary for systemic research and ensure a scientifically valid system map in the context of design research. In this paper, we propose a protocol using CLD's as a research method and outcome in design-inclusive research. The protocol synthesises rich data from qualitative research in a way that the representation yields higher validity compared to the regular approach to systems mapping, using a process of reflection and iteration on boundary setting. An iterative process of qualitative research methods with lean validation methods was used to come to a conceptual proposal. The protocol can support systemic design researchers and practitioners to include a scientifically grounded CLD in the explorative research actions phase, thus bridging the research towards a phase of creative design actions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worker well-being refers to a person's subjective experience of the quality of their work life [1]. It is a multi-dimensional and dynamic concept that involves the interplay of many factors whose causal relationships and feedback loops are complex [1]. Conflict among healthcare workers has been described as part of a cluster of organizational outcomes that include job satisfaction, stress, and burnout [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict in the EMS Workforce: An Analysis of an Open-Ended Survey Question Reveals a Complex Assemblage of Stress, Burnout, and Pandemic-Related Factors Influencing Well-Being

Melnyk

Tosto

Powell

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians provide patient care within a high-stakes, unpredictable, and complex work environment in which conflict is inevitable. Our objective was to explore the extent to which added stressors of the pandemic exacerbated EMS workplace conflict. We administered our survey to a sample of U.S. nationally certified EMS clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022. Out of 1881 respondents, 46% (n = 857) experienced conflict and 79% (n = 674) provided free-text descriptions of their experience. The responses were analyzed for themes using qualitative content analysis, and they were then sorted into codes using word unit sets. Code counts, frequencies, and rankings were tabulated, enabling quantitative comparisons of the codes. Of the fifteen codes to emerge, stress (a precursor of burnout) and burnout-related fatigue were the key factors contributing to EMS workplace conflict. We mapped our codes to a conceptual model guided by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report on using a systems approach to address clinician burnout and professional well-being to explore implications for addressing conflict within that framework. Factors attributed to conflict mapped to all levels of the NASEM model, lending empirical legitimacy to a broad systems approach to fostering worker well-being. Our findings lead us to propose that active surveillance (enhanced management information and feedback systems) of frontline clinicians’ experiences during public health emergencies could increase the effectiveness of regulations and policies across the healthcare system. Ideally, the contributions of the occupational health discipline would become a mainstay of a sustained response to promote ongoing worker well-being. The maintenance of a robust EMS workforce, and by extension the health professionals in its operational sphere, is unquestionably essential to our preparedness for the likelihood that pandemic threats may become more commonplace.

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Individual Workplace Well-Being Captured into a Literature- and Stakeholders-Based Causal Loop Diagram

Cited by 4 publications

References 91 publications

A system science perspective on burn-out: development of an expert-based causal loop diagram

A system science perspective on burn-out: development of an expert-based causal loop diagram

A New Research Protocol for Using System Maps in Systemic Design Research

Conflict in the EMS Workforce: An Analysis of an Open-Ended Survey Question Reveals a Complex Assemblage of Stress, Burnout, and Pandemic-Related Factors Influencing Well-Being

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