Individual variability in speed of information processing: An index of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Bodling, Angela M.; Denney, Douglas R.; Lynch, Sharon G.

doi:10.1037/a0027972

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…ABR has an elevate sensitivity and specificity for the detection of demyelination in the auditory pathways of patients with MS. In fact, the increased latencies in the conduction of the auditory impulse and the absence of wave V can be signs of central alteration 41 . Speech audiometry is particularly important to highlight the difficulty in speech perception-especially in noise 42 that is common in MS patients following abnormal auditory processing 43 or cognitive deficit that altered the word recognition ability 44 .…”

Section: Hearing Loss and Tinnitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otolaryngologic Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Ralli¹,

Stadio²,

Visconti³

et al. 2018

The International Tinnitus Journal

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Many symptoms of multiple sclerosis may affect the ear, nose and throat. The most common otolaryngologic symptoms of multiple sclerosis are speech disorders, followed by sleep disorders, vertigo and disequilibrium, dysphagia, smell alterations, and hearing loss. Less common symptoms include sialorrhea, facial palsy, taste alterations, trigeminal neuralgia and tinnitus. The origin of otolaryngologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis is mainly central, although increasing evidence also suggests a peripheral involvement.

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Section: Hearing Loss and Tinnitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otolaryngologic Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Ralli¹,

Stadio²,

Visconti³

et al. 2018

The International Tinnitus Journal

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“…Higher IIV has indeed been observed in pathological subgroups showing lower cognitive functioning (Bodling, Denney, & Lynch, 2012;Burton, Strauss, Hultsch, Moll, & Hunter, 2006;de Frias, Dixon, Fisher, & Camicioli, 2007;Hultsch, MacDonald, Hunter, Levy-Bencheton, & Strauss, 2000;Murtha, Cismaru, Waechter, & Chertkow, 2002;Shammi, Bosman, & Stuss, 1998;Stuss, Pogue, Buckle, & Bondar, 1994). Numerous studies have focused on older adults, and a few on children.…”

Section: Intraindividual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory and intraindividual variability in processing speed: A lifespan developmental and individual-differences study

et al. 2014

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Working memory (WM) and intraindividual variability (IIV) in processing speed are both hypothesized to reflect general attentional processes. In the present study, we aimed at exploring the relationship between WM capacity and IIV in reaction times (RTs) and its possible variation with development across the lifespan. Two WM tasks and six RT tasks of varying complexity were analyzed in a sample of 539 participants, consisting of five age groups: two groups of children (9-10 and 11-12 years of age), one group of young adults, and two groups of older adults (59-69 and 70-89 years of age). Two approaches were adopted. First, low-span and high-span individuals were identified, and analyses of variance were conducted comparing these two groups within each age group and for each RT task. The results consistently showed a span effect in the youngest children and oldest adults: High-span individuals were significantly faster and less variable than low-span individuals. In contrast, in young adults no difference was observed between high-and lowspan individuals, whether in terms of their means or IIV. Second, multivariate analyses were conducted on the entire set of tasks, to determine whether IIV in RTs brought different information than the mean RT. The results showed that, although very strongly correlated, the mean and IIV in speed should be kept separate in terms of how they account for individual differences in WM. Overall, our results support the assumption of a link between WM capacity and IIV in RT, more strongly so in childhood and older adulthood.Keywords Aging . Development . Individual differences . Reaction time analyses/methods . Working memory . Intraindividual variabilityThe objective of the present article is to address the issue of the relationship between working memory (WM) capacity and within-task intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT) tasks, investigating whether this relationship might vary across the lifespan. In this introduction, we will briefly present our approach to WM-in conformity with the demand of the editor of this special issue-and then discuss why a potential relationship can be hypothesized between WM and IIV and whether individual differences in WM could be related to IIV.As a number of researchers interested in developmental and/ or individual differences in WM, we consider the performance in WM tasks to be determined by a set of underlying attentional processes. These processes, such as the activation and inhibition of relevant informational units, are considered to become more efficient with age, accounting for part of cognitive development in children, and to vary in efficacy across individuals. We consider WM to be an index of what has frequently, and rather loosely, been labeled general resources. WM capacity, while remaining severely limited, increases with age both because of an increase in neurobiological mechanisms and because the use of resources becomes more efficient with experience. There is here a major point of departure between cognitive ex...

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“…Cognitive deficit is a frequent clinical feature of MS, ranging from 30% to 70% of patients (Rao et al, 1991 ; Borghi et al, 2013 ). MS negatively affects various cognitive abilities such as speed of processing, attention, new learning, executive functions, and memory (DeLuca et al, 2004 ; Bodling et al, 2012 ; Borghi et al, 2013 ). Cognitive deficits do not imply only problems in performing accurately neuropsychological tests, but it is typically related to patient’s reduced functional status, and has a serious impact on patients’ quality of life (Kalmar et al, 2008 ; Fernández et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of Neuropsychological Abilities in a Large Sample of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study

Borghi

Carletto

Ostacoli

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Objective: In this longitudinal study, we monitored two large groups of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls (HC) for 2 years, with the aim of comparing their neuropsychological profile over time.Method: Three hundred and twenty-two patients with MS and 303 HC were administered the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests (BRB-N); neuropsychiatric measures were also administered. Two follow-ups were scheduled at 1 and 2 years, respectively.Results: A linear mixed model (LMM) with random intercept was run by considering participants’ performance on each test of the BRB-N at the three assessment points (baseline and follow-ups) as the within-subjects variable, and group (patients and controls) as the between-subjects factor. The interaction term was statistically significant for the tests: Symbol Digit Modalities test (SDMT) (p = 0.044), Paced Auditory Serial Addition test (PASAT) (p = 0.011) and Word List Generation (WLG) (p < 0.001), whereas for the PASAT-3 approached statistical significance (p = 0.05). In addition, a LMM with random intercept was also run by identifying three groups (controls, relapsing-remitting course of MS (i.e. RR-MS), and prog-MS). The interaction term was statistically significant for: PASAT-3 (p = 0.017), PASAT-2 (p = 0.0026), and WLG (p = 0.0022).Conclusions: Our results corroborate on a very large scale evidence that the abilities tapped by the tasks SDMT, PASAT and WLG are particularly sensitive to MS, and further extend this issue by showing that these abilities are likely to be more sensitive than others to the progression of the disease, as compared to HC.

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Individual variability in speed of information processing: An index of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: Processing speed in MS patients is characterized by greater individual variability as well as overall declines. This variability should be examined further in relation to neuroimaging indices of MS.

Cited by 31 publications

References 71 publications

Otolaryngologic Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Otolaryngologic Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Working memory and intraindividual variability in processing speed: A lifespan developmental and individual-differences study

Decline of Neuropsychological Abilities in a Large Sample of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study

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