Individual Variability in Reaction Time and Prediction of Clinical Response to Methylphenidate in Adult ADHD: A Prospective Open Label Study Using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II

Fredriksen, Mats; Egeland, Jens; Haavik, Jan; Fasmer, Ole Bernt

doi:10.1177/1087054719829822

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…A high proportion of adolescents with ADHD maintain the syndrome symptoms in adulthood [ 1 ]. In addition, a significant proportion of ADHD patients are first diagnosed as adults, indicating that the developmental trajectory of this syndrome is variable [ 4 ]. ADHD in adulthood is associated with adverse occupational outcomes, impaired somatic and psychiatric health, as well as high costs for social and health services [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients analyzed with methods from graph theory

Fasmer

Fasmer²,

Mjeldheim³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by age-inappropriate levels of motor activity, impulsivity and attention. The aim of the present study was to study diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients, compared to healthy controls and clinical controls with mood and anxiety disorders. Wrist-worn actigraphs were used to record motor activity in a sample of 81 patients and 30 healthy controls. Time series from registrations in the morning and evening were analyzed using measures of variability, complexity and a newly developed method, the similarity algorithm, based on transforming time series into graphs. In healthy controls the evening registrations showed higher variability and lower complexity compared to morning registrations, however this was evident only in the female controls. In the two patient groups the same measures were not significantly different, with one exception, the graph measure bridges. This was the measure that most clearly separated morning and evening registrations and was significantly different both in healthy controls and in patients with a diagnosis of ADHD. These findings suggest that actigraph registrations, combined with mathematical methods based on graph theory, may be used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the diurnal regulation of motor activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients analyzed with methods from graph theory

Fasmer

Fasmer²,

Mjeldheim³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…The CCPT has also been utilized as a pre-post treatment outcome indicator (Barrilleaux & Advokat, 2009; Bron et al, 2014; Fredriksen et al, 2021; Rucklidge et al, 2011; Tenenbaum et al, 2002). Bron et al (2014) conducted a 6-week, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study where both groups received a stimulant medication and a placebo at different intervals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conner’s Continuous Performance Test and Adult ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review

2022

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Objective: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting millions of adults worldwide. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are widely used as assessment and diagnostic tools; however, their use in diagnosing undiagnosed ADHD in adults has been questioned due to their lack of specificity and sensitivity. This review sought to outline relevant findings concerning the diagnostic utility of the Conner’s Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) in adults. Method: This systematic review followed the a priori guide outlined by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Articles were gathered from PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Results: Thirty-five articles were reviewed and analyzed. Most articles reviewed used outpatient and university populations. Moderate reliability, subpar discriminant and ecological validity, and mixed sensitivity and specificity were noted. Conclusion: The results of this review lend support to previous critiques of the CCPT’s diagnostic and utility as a treatment measure.

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“…Reaction time and reaction time variability, measured as the standard deviation of the reaction time, across a CPT session are sensitive measures of overall performance and increased variability is correlated with impaired performance and treatment response (Fredriksen, Egeland, Haavik, & Fasmer, 2021; Levy, Pipingas, Harris, Farrow, & Silberstein, 2018). To our knowledge, reaction time variability has not been reported in previous studies utilizing the rCPT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sustained attention, the ability to focus on tasks over extended periods of time, is a fundamental cognitive domain and it is impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders (Huntley, Hampshire, Bor, Owen, & Howard, 2017; J. Liu et al, 2021; S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus degradation impairs performance in a rodent continuous performance test

DeBrosse

Wiseman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sustained attention is a core cognitive domain that is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are the most common clinical assay of sustained attention. In CPTs, participants produce a behavioral response to target stimuli and refrain from responding to non-target stimuli. Performance in CPTs is measured as the ability to discriminate between targets and non-targets. Rodent versions of CPTs (rCPT) have been developed and validated with both anatomical and pharmacological studies, providing a translational platform for understanding the neurobiology of sustained attention. In human studies, using degraded stimuli (decreased contrast) in CPTs impairs performance and patients with schizophrenia experience a larger decrease in performance compared to healthy controls. In this study, we tested multiple levels of stimulus degradation in a touchscreen version of the CPT in mice. We found that stimulus degradation significantly decreased performance in both males and females. The changes in performance consisted of a decrease in stimulus discrimination, measured as d prime, and increases in hit reaction time and reaction time variability. These findings are in line with the effects of stimulus degradation in human studies. Overall, female mice demonstrated a more liberal response strategy than males, but response strategy was not affected by stimulus degradation. These data extend the utility of the mouse CPT by demonstrating that stimulus degradation produces equivalent behavioral responses in mice and humans. Therefore, the degraded stimuli rCPT has high translational value as a preclinical assay of sustained attention.

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Individual Variability in Reaction Time and Prediction of Clinical Response to Methylphenidate in Adult ADHD: A Prospective Open Label Study Using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II

Cited by 11 publications

References 86 publications

Diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients analyzed with methods from graph theory

Diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients analyzed with methods from graph theory

Conner’s Continuous Performance Test and Adult ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review

Stimulus degradation impairs performance in a rodent continuous performance test

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