Individual therapeutic-cognitive intervention of the psychological and behavioural symptoms of patients with dementia (PRESTA study)

Non-pharmacological Approaches to Apathy and Depression: A Scoping Review of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

“…Most of the participants were recruited from care facilities (e.g., nursing homes; Hsieh et al, 2010 ; Brooker et al, 2011 ; Van Bogaert et al, 2013 ; Alves et al, 2014 ; Treusch et al, 2015 ; Valentí Soler et al, 2015 ; Olsen et al, 2016 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Pérez-ros et al, 2019 ), their community ( Schmitter-Edgecombe and Dyck, 2014 ; Larouche et al, 2019 ; Lai et al, 2020 ), and hospitals ( Wang et al, 2010 ; Hattori et al, 2011 ; Bergamaschi et al, 2013 ; Pongan et al, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Gomez-Soria et al, 2020 ; Reverté-villarroya et al, 2020 ). Participants recruited from the medical institute were diagnosed with the subtypes of dementia.…”

“…The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS; Hsieh et al, 2010 ; Brooker et al, 2011 ; Hattori et al, 2011 ; Alves et al, 2014 ; Schmitter-Edgecombe and Dyck, 2014 ; Pongan et al, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Larouche et al, 2019 ; Pérez-ros et al, 2019 ; Gomez-Soria et al, 2020 ; Reverté-villarroya et al, 2020 ) and the Cornell Scale for Depression with Dementia (CSDD; Bergamaschi et al, 2013 ; Fernández-Calvo et al, 2015 ; Olsen et al, 2016 ; Van Bogaert et al, 2016 ; Lin et al, 2019 ; Pérez-ros et al, 2019 ) were most frequently used to assess the depressive symptoms of the participants. The Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS; Hattori et al, 2011 ), Apathy Inventory ( Valentí Soler et al, 2015 ), and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES; Hsieh et al, 2010 ; Treusch et al, 2015 ) were used to evaluate apathy.…”

“…The Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS; Hattori et al, 2011 ), Apathy Inventory ( Valentí Soler et al, 2015 ), and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES; Hsieh et al, 2010 ; Treusch et al, 2015 ) were used to evaluate apathy. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI; Hsieh et al, 2010 ; Treusch et al, 2015 ; Valentí Soler et al, 2015 ; Reverté-villarroya et al, 2020 ) was used to assess both symptoms.…”

“…These included animal-assisted activities ( Olsen et al, 2016 ), preference for listening to music ( Pérez-ros et al, 2019 ), Tai Chi exercise ( Wang et al, 2010 ; Huang et al, 2019 ), a painting intervention ( Pongan et al, 2017 ), a multi-intervention program ( Brooker et al, 2011 ; Fernández-Calvo et al, 2015 ; Lai et al, 2020 ), reminiscence group therapy ( Hsieh et al, 2010 ), mindfulness- and psychoeducation-based interventions ( Larouche et al, 2019 ), and creative expression therapy ( Lin et al, 2019 ). In contrast, non-effective interventions included standard cognitive stimulation therapy ( Alves et al, 2014 ), cognitive training ( Bergamaschi et al, 2013 ; Gomez-Soria et al, 2020 ), educational nursing intervention in the family ( Reverté-villarroya et al, 2020 ), cognitive rehabilitation with a multi-family group ( Schmitter-Edgecombe and Dyck, 2014 ), individual reminiscence therapy ( Van Bogaert et al, 2016 ), and art therapy ( Hattori et al, 2011 ).…”

“…Fifteen studies evaluated depression, two evaluated apathy, and two evaluated the effect of the intervention. Overall, scores on the depression and apathy scales were low, except for some studies that included unclear versions of the scale as well as unclear cut-off points (Hsieh et al, 2010;Brooker et al, 2011;Hattori et al, 2011;Schmitter-Edgecombe and Dyck, 2014;Fernández-Calvo et al, 2015;Valentí Soler et al, 2015;Olsen et al, 2016;Pongan et al, 2017;Larouche et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019;Pérez-ros et al, 2019;Gomez-Soria et al, 2020;Reverté-villarroya et al, 2020).…”