Individual saturated fatty acids and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Costa Rica

Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Baylin, Ana; Siles, Xinia; Campos, Hannia

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601709

Cited by 66 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…11 The HDS included energy-adjusted 13,20 intakes of saturated fat, trans fat, dietary cholesterol, polyunsaturated fat, and fiber. Because of known positive associations between saturated fat, 14,21 trans fat, 21,22 dietary cholesterol, 23 and MI, the quintiles for these variables were assigned in a descending order; quintiles were in ascending order for the known protective factors (fiber and polyunsaturated fat). 21,24,25 Subjects were distributed into quintiles according to each of the 5 dietary variables.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the study design have been published elsewhere. [12][13][14][15] Briefly, eligible cases were men and women diagnosed as survivors of a first acute MI by 2 independent cardiologists at any of the 6 recruiting hospitals in the catchment area. To achieve 100% ascertainment, fieldworkers carried out daily visits to the 6 hospitals.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica

2007

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Background-Cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), is increasing in developing countries.Knowledge of risk factors and their impact on the population could offer insights into primary prevention. For instance, 95% obtained Ն7% of energy from saturated fat, 25% had Յ5% of energy from polyunsaturated fat, 63% had Ն1% energy from trans fat, and 53% had low fiber intake (Ͻ25 g/d). Conclusions-These findings confirm the benefit of a healthy diet, physical activity, moderate alcohol, and cessation of smoking as approaches for the primary prevention of MI. Obesity and smoking were the 2 most important risk factors for nonfatal MI in Costa Rica. Methods and Results-We

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica

2007

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“…The study has used past researches which contain relevant data on these three selected factors [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. On the basis of Meta-analysis, this study has concluded that the male are at a more risk in having MI as compared with the females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Mr¹,

Ansar²,

Hanif³

et al. 2017

J Biom Biostat

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IntroductionCardiovascular disease is a commonly used term that refers to the diseases that affect the heart and other parts of the cardiac system of the body. The cardiovascular diseases that affect the coronary arteries of the heart are called Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) [1]. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the diseases in this group. A large number of people die every year due to this fatal disease. In 2013, the number of people who died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) was more than 17.3 million (95% uncertainty interval, 16.5 to 18.1), representing an increase from 1990 of 40.8% [2]. The burden of Coronary Heart Disease is increasing at a greater rate in South Asian countries than the other countries of the world. It has been estimated that the risk of MI would be doubled in the next 20 years [3]. According to American Heart Association, approximately one of every six deaths in United States is caused by MI [4,5]. Another study showed that the high prevalence of MI in Pakistan with more than 30% of the population over 45 years of age is affected by this disease [3]. This statistics has revealed that this disease is growing at alarming rate in the world. A mammoth literature is available on this disease. As a result many medical, social, economic, demographic risk factors were explored in the literature.In this literature medical factors got significant attention by medical professionals and practitioners. The least attention has been paid to non-clinical factors (demographic and socioeconomic factors) which can play significant role in causing MI [6][7][8]. Age, gender and family history of MI are demographic factors and education is a socioeconomic factor. Age and gender has been found as powerful risk factors of MI [9]. It has also been observed that chances of getting MI increases as the age of the patients increases. Another study shows that MI in patients less than the age of 40 is 10% of all the cases [10]. A study conducted in Bangladesh shows that the incidence of AMI was more frequent among the patients of age group 50-59 years [11]. Recently a health survey conducted in England suggests that 4% of men and 0.5% of women have had an MI [12]; however, after the age of 70 both genders have equal chance of getting this disease. It has been observed that women have experienced their first MI on the average 9 years later than men [13].Family history of heart diseases has also emerged as an important predictor of MI in many studies. A family history of MI increases the risk of CHD especially for MI. The National Cholesterol Education Program highlights that an individual may have a positive history of MI if his close blood relative male (father or brother) has MI younger than 55 years or female (his mother or sister) has MI younger than 65 years [14]. AbstractBackground: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a coronary heart disease that is one of the main causes of the mortality over the globe. There are various clinical and non-clinical risk factors that can be further classified as modifiable and non...

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“…Studies of the diet -health relationship in Costa Rica reported in the literature over the last decade include health problems associated with poverty, such as anaemia and childhood stunting 2 , and studies on the relationship between diet and chronic diseases, such as those on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors 3,4 , cervical cancer 5 -7 and gastric cancer 8 -12 . The latter is of special interest as Costa Rica has one of the highest incidence and death rates for this type of cancer in the world 13 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of an estimated food record

Chinnock

2006

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To validate an estimated food record (EFR), using a weighed food record (WFR) as the reference method, for the determination of food consumption and nutrient intakes in a group of Costa Rican adults. Design: For the WFR, all foods consumed by subjects during seven consecutive days were weighed and recorded by nutrition students. Two EFRs (a 4-day and a 3-day record) were recorded by subjects with the use of home measures and photographs to estimate amounts. Setting: Costa Rica. Subjects: Sixty adults: 30 men and 30 women; 30 living in urban and 30 in rural areas. Results: The EFR gave statistically significant lower average intake estimates for energy and 12 of the 22 nutrients examined. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 (polyunsaturated fats) to 0.87 (calcium). The percentage of subjects classified into the same quartile ranged from 45.0% (polyunsaturated fats) to 68.3% (vitamin B 12 ). For all nutrients except vitamin C, 0 or 1.7% were misclassified into extreme quartiles. For food group consumption, the EFR gave statistically significant lower estimates for six of the 17 groups and correlation coefficients ranged from 0.22 (fish) to 0.93 (beverages). Greater differences in estimates of mean energy and nutrient intakes were detected among subjects from rural areas, caused in part by a tendency to underestimate the amounts of rice and beans consumed. Conclusion: Validation of the EFR using a WFR as the reference method gave results that compare favourably with those reported by other authors, and support the use of the EFR for dietary surveys among Costa Rican adults.

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Individual saturated fatty acids and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Costa Rica

Abstract: Increased consumption of total and individual SFAs is associated with increased risk of MI. Lauric, myristic and stearic acids were more potent than palmitic acid.

Cited by 66 publications

References 40 publications

Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica

Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Validation of an estimated food record

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