Individual psychology.

Adler, Alfred

doi:10.1037/11017-021

Cited by 111 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Although many theorists have argued that the desire for status is universal (e.g., A. Adler, 1930;Maslow, 1943), some findings suggested a substantial portion of individuals in a given setting prefer lower status. Our findings might help reconcile these seemingly opposed ideas by suggesting that these camps might be focused on two different constructs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of deference: When do people prefer lower status?

Anderson

Willer

Kilduff

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

116

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Although the desire for high status is considered universal, prior research suggests individuals often opt for lower status positions. Why would anyone favor a position of apparent disadvantage? In 5 studies, we found that the broad construct of status striving can be broken up into two conceptions: one based on rank, the other on respect. While individuals might universally desire high levels of respect, we find that they vary widely in the extent to which they strive for high-status rank, with many individuals opting for middle- or low-status rank. The status rank that individuals preferred depended on their self-perceived value to the group: when they believed they provided less value, they preferred lower status rank. Mediation and moderation analyses suggest that beliefs about others' expectations were the primary driver of these effects. Individuals who believed they provided little value to their group inferred that others expected them to occupy a lower status position. Individuals in turn conformed to these perceived expectations, accepting lower status rank in such settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of deference: When do people prefer lower status?

Anderson

Willer

Kilduff

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

116

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“…At the same time, research in social psychology has consistently demonstrated that people strive to maintain a positive self-concept both privately and publicly (Adler, 1930;Allport, 1955;Jones, 1973, Rogers, 1959Rosenberg, 1979). In fact, people strive to maintain a positive self-image even when doing so requires a degree of self-deception, pretense, or guile (Schlenker, 1982;Tajfel, 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

The pot calling the kettle black: Distancing response to ethical dissonance.

Barkan

Ayal

Gino

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

135

110

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Six studies demonstrate the -pot calling the kettle black‖ phenomenon whereby people are guilty of the very fault they identify in others. Recalling an undeniable ethical failure, people experience ethical dissonance between their moral values and their behavioral misconduct.Our findings indicate that to reduce ethical dissonance, individuals use a double-distancing mechanism. Using an overcompensating ethical code, they judge others more harshly and present themselves as more virtuous and ethical (Studies 1, 2, 3). We show this mechanism is exclusive for ethical dissonance and is not triggered by salience of ethicality (Study 4), general sense of personal failure, or ethically-neutral cognitive dissonance (Study 5). Finally, it is characterized by some boundary conditions (Study 6). We discuss the theoretical contribution of this work to research on moral regulation and ethical behavior.

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“…(Adler, 1930), l'instinct de maîtrise (Hendrick, 1943), les attributions (Heider, 1958;Jones & Davis, 1965;Kelley, 1967), la réactance (Brehm , 1966) et la résignation acquise (Seligman, 1975).…”

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Perception de contrôle, désir de contrôle et santé psychologique.

Garant¹,

Alain²

1995

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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ResumeBien qu'il semble evident que la perception de contr61e et le desir de contrdle soient en relation avec la sante psychologique, les conditions particulieres sous lesquelles se manifestent les reactions positives ou negatives demandent a etre precisees. La pr&ente recherche vise a expliciter la relation entre la perception de contrdle, le desir de controle et la sante psychologique. L'examen de la contribution simultanee des deux types de contrdle pour rendre compte des variations du degre de depression, d'anxiete, de resignation et de detresse psychologique constitue une particularity de la pr£sente £tude. Les sujets (N = 224) ont complex des mesures de perception de contr&Ie (Paulhus, 1983), de desir de controle (Burger & Cooper, 1979), de detresse psychologique contenant des indices de depression et d'anxiete (Ilfeld, 1978) et de resignation (Thornton, 1982). Une regression polynomiale confirme l'existence d'une relation quadratique entre l'ecart (entre la perception et le desir de contrdle) et chacune des variables de sante psychologique a l'etude. L'equation polynomiale revele que plus cet ecart augmente (peu importe le sens), plus les indices de detresse psychologique, d'anxiete, de depression et de resignation sont importants; toutefois, la relation n'est pas purement lineaire, la composante quadratique revelant une courbe dont la pente est inversee. En outre, une serie de regressions multiples hierarchiques visant a verifier la contribution du desir de contrdle, de la perception de contrdle et leur effet multiplicatif sur les variables dependantes confirme l'egale contribution des variables de controle et revele que leur interaction s'avere significative en fonction de la depression et de la resignation. L'examen des effets simples decoulant de ces interactions indique que la perception de contrdle s'accompagne de plus de depression et de resignation a des niveaux faibles de desir de contrdle qu'a des niveaux moyens ou eieves.

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Individual psychology.

Cited by 111 publications

References 1 publication

The origins of deference: When do people prefer lower status?

The origins of deference: When do people prefer lower status?

The pot calling the kettle black: Distancing response to ethical dissonance.

Perception de contrôle, désir de contrôle et santé psychologique.

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