Individual Particle Types in the Aerosol of Phoenix, Arizona

Katrinak, Karen A.; Anderson, J. R.; Buseck, Peter R.

doi:10.1021/es00002a007

Cited by 92 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It may also represent salts from playas in southeastern Arizona. 18 This factor does not exhibit a particular seasonal variation pattern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…16 The strong winter concentration peaks of these three sources are generally in agreement with other studies about Phoenix aerosol. 17,18 Carbonaceous particles are the primary cause of the urban haze that forms almost daily in Phoenix during the winter months when late-night/earlymorning temperature inversions concentrate the natural and anthropogenic pollutants in the surface mixing layer. This results in a white to brown haze that can be easily seen in the shallow boundary layer during the early morning hours.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of Sources of Phoenix Aerosol by Positive Matrix Factorization

Ramadan

Song

Hopke

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

226

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical composition data for fine and coarse particles collected in Phoenix, AZ, were analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF). The objective was to identify the possible aerosol sources at the sampling site. PMF uses estimates of the error in the data to provide optimum data point scaling and permits a better treatment of missing and below-detection-limit values. It also applies nonnegativity constraints to the factors. Two sets of fine particle samples were collected by different samplers. Each of the resulting fine particle data sets was analyzed separately. For each fine particle data set, eight factors were obtained, identified as (1) biomass burning characterized by high concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and K; (2) wood burning with high concentrations of Na, K, OC, and EC; (3) motor vehicles with high concentrations of OC and EC; (4) nonferrous smelting process characterized by Cu, Zn, As, and Pb; (5) heavyduty diesel characterized by high EC, OC, and Mn; (6) sea-salt factor dominated by Na and Cl; (7) soil with high values for Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe; and (8) secondary aerosol with SO 4 -2 and OC that may represent coal-fired power plant emissions.For the coarse particle samples, a five-factor model gave source profiles that are attributed to be (1) sea salt, (2) soil, (3) Fe source/motor vehicle, (4) construction (high Ca), and (5) coal-fired power plant. Regression of the PM mass against the factor scores was performed to estimate the mass contributions of the resolved sources. The major sources for the fine particles were motor vehicles, vegetation burning factors (biomass and wood burning), and coal-fired power plants. These sources contributed most of the fine aerosol mass by emitting carbonaceous IMPLICATIONS A new form of factor analysis, positive matrix factorization, has been applied to PM 10 and two separate sets of PM 2.5 aerosol composition data derived from samples collected in Phoenix, AZ. The results for the two sets of samples were quite comparable, and the results overall show a good resolution of the major sources of atmospheric PM.

show abstract

“…It may also represent salts from playas in southeastern Arizona. 18 This factor does not exhibit a particular seasonal variation pattern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Sources of Phoenix Aerosol by Positive Matrix Factorization

Ramadan

Song

Hopke

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

226

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The samples were coated with carbon (Agar SEM Carbon Coater) to make the sample surface conductive (e.g. Katrinak et al, 1995;Jones et al, 2001;Paoletti et al, 2002). The accelerating voltage was 20 kV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If other elements were observed, they were also recorded. It is important to note that ammonium compounds are not included because of the poor efficiency of the EDX in detecting nitrogen and because ammonium nitrate particles are volatile and may be lost in the vacuum of the SEM (Katrinak et al, 1995;Kasparian et al, 1998;Paoletti et al, 2002). Similar approach has been used in airborne particulate studies by Paoletti et al (1999 and and Breed et al (2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'fingerprints', local mineralogy and earlier studies were used as a basis for the classification. Katrinak et al (1995) have estimated the relative errors of the ZAF-procedure for the atomic fractions observed in the individual particles to be 10-20%. Because of the inaccuracies of the quantitative analysis method (ZAF) the weight percentages were used more in a semi-quantitative way: the elements with a weight percentage of over 1% were considered present (see Hoornaert et al, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Traction Sanding on Urban Suspended Particles in Finland

Kupiainen

Tervahattu

2004

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Springtime urban road dust forms one of the most serious problems regarding air pollution in Finland. The composition and origin of springtime dust was studied in southern Finland with two different methods. Suspended particles (PM 10 and TSP) were collected with high volume particle samplers and particle deposition was collected with moss bags. The composition of the PM 1.5−10 fraction was studied using individual particle analysis with SEM/EDX. The deposition in the moss bags was analysed with ICP-MS. The results showed that during the study period, approximately 10% of both PM 1.5−10 particles and the deposition originated from sanding. Other sources in the springtime PM 1.5−10 were e.g. asphalt aggregate or soil and combustion processes. It can be concluded that sanding produced a relatively small amount of particulate matter under the investigated circumstances.

show abstract

Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate: Relationship between Chemical Composition, Size, and Emission Source

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter fractionated into eight samples by size from 10 to 0.43 microm was performed by HS-SPME/GC-MS for the organic (semi-)volatile components and SEM X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX) for analysis of the elemental composition. The HS-SPME technique was shown to be efficient with respect to requiring an extremely low amount of material, being selective and clean and avoiding use of any solvents. Particulate matter was collected at four sites characterized by particular environmental locations and different pollution levels around the city of L'Aquila in central Italy. The results reveal a tight correlation between the particle composition, size, and the emission source. The analyses show also that the finer the particle, the higher its content of elemental carbon and organic compounds. Well-known carcinogens such as PAHs were detected among the identified organic compounds from both the rural and highly polluted sites.

show abstract

Individual Particle Types in the Aerosol of Phoenix, Arizona

Cited by 92 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of Sources of Phoenix Aerosol by Positive Matrix Factorization

Identification of Sources of Phoenix Aerosol by Positive Matrix Factorization

The Effect of Traction Sanding on Urban Suspended Particles in Finland

Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate: Relationship between Chemical Composition, Size, and Emission Source

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About