Individual OCD-provoking stimuli activate disorder-related and self-related neuronal networks in fMRI

Viol, Kathrin; Aas, Benjamin; Kastinger, Anna; Kronbichler, Martin; Schöller, Helmut; Reiter, Eva-Maria; Said-Yürekli, Sarah; Kronbichler, Lisa; Kravanja-Spannberger, Brigitte; Stöger‐Schmidinger, Barbara; Aichhorn, Wolfgang; Schiepek, Günter

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.008

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…What remains is the question of why the insular cortex is consistently reported as hyperactive in symptom-provoking conditions in OCD patients compared to controls, but not in the disgust-condition. As reported in detail in Viol et al (2019), a significant group difference ( p < 0.05, FWE Peak -corrected) was also found in this sample in the insula for the individual symptom-provoking OCD-stimuli vs. neutral pictures. Moreover, in the disgust condition, no abnormal activity was found in any of the regions commonly hyperactive in OCD, neither in the ACC, which is supposed to play the role of a conflict monitoring unit, nor in the frontal cortex, where executive functioning, impulse control and emotion regulation is assumed to take place.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For example, a clean toilet is often reported to provoke the patients’ urge to continue cleaning (in the disgusting pictures condition, in contrast, a dirty toilet would be shown that provokes emotions of disgust also in healthy participants). Numerous studies have reported the insula’s activation in such OCD-related conditions in patients but not in controls (e.g., Schienle et al, 2005; Schiepek et al, 2013; Thiel et al, 2014), especially also for the sample of this study (Viol et al, 2019). This suggests that the hypersensitivity to disgust in the pictures ratings of OCD patients corresponds to a hyperactivity of the insular cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…For symptom provocation during the fMRI scan, patients as well as controls were shown colored pictures from four categories, namely individual OCD-related photos, standardized OCD-related photos from the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Stimulus Set (MOCCS, Mataix-Cols et al, 2009), and disgusting and neutral pictures from the International Affective Pictures Set (IAPS, Lang et al, 2008). For details on the acquisition and selection process of the individual pictures see Viol et al (2019). Examples of the disgusting pictures are depicted in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Erroneously Disgusted: fMRI Study Supports Disgust-Related Neural Reuse in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Viol

Aas

Kastinger

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective : fMRI scans of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) consistently show a hyperactivity of the insular cortex, a region responsible for disgust-processing, when confronted with symptom-triggering stimuli. This asks for an investigation of the role of disgust and the insula in OCD patients. Methods : Seventeen inpatients with OCD and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI scanning. Whole-brain contrasts were calculated for “Disgust vs. Neutral” for both groups, plus an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the interaction between group and condition. Additionally, the emotional dimensions of valence and arousal, along with the ability to cope, were assessed by picture ratings. Results : The picture ratings confirmed the patients’ heightened sensitivity to disgust with higher values for arousal and inability to cope, but not for valence. fMRI scans revealed no hyperactivity of the insula in patients compared to controls for the condition “Disgust vs. Neutral,” indicating no basic hypersensitivity to disgusting stimuli. Increased activity in the precuneus in controls for this condition might correspond to the downregulation of arousal. Conclusions : The absent differences in neural activity of the insula in patients compared to controls for the disgust-condition, but heightened activity for symptom-provoking conditions, suggests that the illness is due to an erroneous recruitment of the insula cortex for OCD-stimuli. The finding is interpreted within the framework of the neural reuse hypothesis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Erroneously Disgusted: fMRI Study Supports Disgust-Related Neural Reuse in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Viol

Aas

Kastinger

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…40 pictures from each category were displayed in a pseudo-randomized order with a duration of 4 s per picture. The details of the acquisition and selection process of the individual pictures, which were taken in the domestic environment of the patients, can be found in Viol et al [44].…”

Section: Neural Variables (Fmri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-level assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reveals relations between neural and neurochemical levels

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background While considerable progress has been made in exploring the psychological, the neural, and the neurochemical dimensions of OCD separately, their interplay is still an open question, especially their changes during psychotherapy. Methods Seventeen patients were assessed at these three levels by psychological questionnaires, fMRI, and venipuncture before and after inpatient psychotherapy. Seventeen controls were scanned at comparable time intervals. First, pre/post treatment changes were investigated for all three levels separately: symptom severity, whole-brain and regional activity, and the concentrations of cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and immunological parameters (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα). Second, stepwise linear modeling was used to find relations between the variables of the levels. Results The obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and overall symptom severity was significantly reduced after psychotherapy. At the neural level, the activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in frontal regions, in the precuneus, and in the putamen had significantly decreased. No significant changes were found on the neurochemical level. When connecting the levels, a highly significant model was found that explains the decrease in neural activity of the putamen by increases of the concentrations of cortisol, IL-6, and dopamine. Conclusion Multivariate approaches offer insight on the influences that the different levels of the psychiatric disorder OCD have on each other. More research and adapted models are needed.

show abstract

“…In addition, the mPFC and ACC have been associated with initiation of compulsive behavior in OCD (Rauch et al, 1994; Adler et al, 2000; Viol et al, 2019), they have also been individuated as core regions activating during alcohol cue processing (Heinz et al, 2009; Zakiniaeiz et al, 2016;Grodin et al, 2018; Hanlon et al, 2018) and may be considered as promising new targets for dTMS in AUD (Ceccanti et al, 2015; Herremans et al, 2016).…”

Section: Neuromodulatory Strategies To Target Compulsivity In Audmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Implications for Neuromodulation

Burchi

Makris

Lee

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alcohol use Disorder (AUD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The progression of the disorder is associated with the development of compulsive alcohol use, which in turn contributes to the high relapse rate and poor longer term functioning reported in most patients, even with treatment. While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines AUD by a cluster of symptoms, parsing its heterogeneous phenotype by domains of behavior such as compulsivity may be a critical step to improve outcomes of this condition. Still, neurobiological underpinnings of compulsivity need to be fully elucidated in AUD in order to better design targeted treatment strategies. In this manuscript, we review and discuss findings supporting common mechanisms between AUD and OCD, dissecting the construct of compulsivity and focusing specifically on characteristic disruptions in habit learning and cognitive control in the two disorders. Finally, neuromodulatory interventions are proposed as a probe to test compulsivity as key pathophysiologic feature of AUD, and as a potential therapy for the subgroup of individuals with compulsive alcohol use, i.e., the more resistant stage of the disorder. This transdiagnostic approach may help to destigmatize the disorder, and suggest potential treatment targets across different conditions.

show abstract

Individual OCD-provoking stimuli activate disorder-related and self-related neuronal networks in fMRI

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Erroneously Disgusted: fMRI Study Supports Disgust-Related Neural Reuse in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Erroneously Disgusted: fMRI Study Supports Disgust-Related Neural Reuse in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Multi-level assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reveals relations between neural and neurochemical levels

Compulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Implications for Neuromodulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About