Objective:
To assess child vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage in 2019 and 2020 and explore key factors, including COVID-19 concerns, that influenced VAS status in four Sub-Saharan African countries.
Design:
Data from eight representative household surveys were used to assess VAS coverage. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the effect of rural/urban residence, child sex and age, caregiver education, COVID-19 concern and household wealth on VAS status.
Setting:
Nine (2019) and 12 (2020) districts in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Mali.
Participants:
28,283 caregivers of children aged 6-59 months.
Results:
Between 2019 and 2020, VAS coverage increased in Burkina Faso (82.2% to 93.1%), Côte d’Ivoire (90.3% to 93.3%) and Mali (76.1% to 79.3%), and decreased in Guinea (86.0% to 81.7%). Rural children had a higher likelihood of VAS uptake compared to urban children in Burkina Faso (aOR = 4.22; 95% CI: 3.11, 5.72), Côte d’Ivoire (aOR = 5.19; 95% CI: 3.10, 8.70) and Mali (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.74). Children aged 12-59 months had a higher likelihood of VAS uptake compared to children 6-11 months in Côte d’Ivoire (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.48) and Mali (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.26). Moderate to high COVID-19 concern was associated with a lower likelihood of VAS uptake in Côte d’Ivoire (aOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.80).
Conclusion:
The increase in VAS coverage from 2019 to 2020 suggests COVID-19 concerns may not have limited VAS uptake in some African countries, though geographic inequities should be considered.