Individual-level factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six cities of China: findings from the ITC China Survey

Feng, Guoze; Jiang, Yuan; Li, Qiang; Yong, Hua‐Hie; Elton‐Marshall, Tara; Yang, Jilan; Li, Lin; Sansone, Natalie; Fong, Geoffrey T.

doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037093

Cited by 79 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This finding could explain the observation that low education levels could be a barrier for smoking cessation (Breslau and Peterson, 1996;Khuder et al, 1999), although the causal relationship should be confirmed in further prospective research. Consistent with a recent study that showed that lower intention to quit smoking was associated with higher nicotine dependence (Feng et al, 2010), our study found that willingness to quit smoking was inversely correlated with FTND scores and urinary cotinine levels, respectively. This finding could further support our study hypothesis that urinary cotinine levels reflect nicotine dependence status in active smokers because increased intention to quit smoking often leads to a substantial increase of smoking cessation attempts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Jung

Kim²,

Son³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Although nicotine dependence plays a role as a main barrier for smoking cessation, there is still a lack of solid evidence on the validity of biomarkers to determine nicotine dependence in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary cotinine levels could reflect the severity of nicotine dependence in active smokers. Materials and Methods: Data regarding general characteristics and smoking status was collected using a self-administered smoking questionnaire. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to determine nicotine dependence of the participants, and a total of 381 participants were classified into 3 groups of nicotine dependence: low (n=205, 53.8%), moderate (n=127, 33.3%), and high dependence groups (n=49, 12.9%). Stepwise multiple linear regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were used to determine the validity of urinary cotinine for high nicotine dependence. Results: In correlation analysis, urinary cotinine levels increased with FTND score (r=0.567, P<0.001). ROC curves analysis showed that urinary cotinine levels predicted the high-dependence group with reasonable accuracy (optimal cut-off value=1,000 ng/mL; AUC=0.82; P<0.001; sensitivity=71.4%; specificity=74.4%). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, the total smoking period (β=0.042, P=0.001) and urinary cotinine levels (β=0.234, P<0.001) were positively associated with nicotine dependence, whereas an inverse association was observed between highest education levels (>16 years) and nicotine dependence (β=-0.573, P=0.034). Conclusions: The results of this study support the validity of using urinary cotinine levels for assessment of nicotine dependence in active smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Jung

Kim²,

Son³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Specifically, among smokers, the more number of cigarettes smoke per day, the lower the willingness to quit (Hyland et al, 2004;Hyland et al, 2006;Fagan et al, 2007;Feng et al, 2010). Our study found the similar results as smokers who smoke 15 cigarettes or more per day had the odds of developing intention to quit 0.4 times lower than those who smoke less than 5 cigarettes per day.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Along with the effort to avoid the PHWs (avoidance), previous attempt to quit smoking, level of worrying about health consequences and always read the PHWs were also associated with intention to quit. The association between those factors and intention to quit has also been observed in other studies (Hammond et al, 2003;Borland R et al, 2009a;Borland R et al, 2009b;Feng et al, 2010;Panda et al, 2014). A smoker who attempted to quit in the past but failed may obtain new motivation from the PHWs and want to try again.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Ngan

Anh²,

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Printing of pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on cigarette packages became obligatory by the Vietnam Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harm in May 2013. Literature from high-income countries suggests that PHWs motivate smokers to quit smoking although their long-term effects have been questioned due to reduction of impact over time. This study aimed to assess the salience of PHWs and smokers' reactions towards PHWs over time. In May 2014 and May 2015, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based household survey was administered to respectively 1,462 and 1,509 Vietnamese male smokers aged 18 to 35. The result showed that salience of the PHWs 2 years after the implementation was higher than at the point of 1 year after the implementation. The proportion of respondents who tried to avoid noting the PHWs was reduced from 35% in wave 1 to 23% in wave 2. However, "Tried to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs" increased 1.5 times the odds of presenting quit intention compared to those respondents who did not try to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). In conclusion, avoidance regarding PHWs may not work as a barrier when aiming at a higher level of quit intention. Salience of the PHWs may increase in the period shortly after their introduction onto packs but can be expected to decrease with time. In other words, it might be advisable to change or renew PHWs after a period of implementation to maintain their beneficial effects.

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“…Previous studies have noted that smokingrelated behaviour, history, and opinions are the most robust predictors of cessation intentions (33). This study was unable to examine potential differences between those attempting to quit and those who had recently quit, due in part to the small sample size of recent quitters surveyed (n = 38).…”

Section: Resource Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In a study of Hong Kong Chinese, over 50% of daily smokers reported a desire to quit (32), while further studies have suggested that smoking behaviour (e.g. heaviness of smoking, past quit attempts, overall opinion of smoking) remains the most critical predictor of quit attempts (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of smoking among adults with COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in urban China

et al. 2015

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Objective: Tobacco, widely used in China, poses a major risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study assessed health outcomes of COPD-diagnosed smokers vs. never smokers and examined treatment patterns of patients attempting to quit smoking in urban China. Methods: National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) 2010 and 2012 China data were analysed. Respondents self-reporting diagnosis with COPD, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema were categorised: quit attempters (current smokers 'trying to quit' or non-smokers 'in the process of quitting'), smokers (including quit attempters) and those who never smoked. Respondents reported smoking cessation treatment utilisation; health status: SF-36v2-based scores and SF-6D health utilities; Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire-based metrics; and resource utilisation. Regression modelling assessed health outcomes, controlling for covariates. Results: Among 1421 (3.6%) diagnosed respondents, 51.6% never smoked and 35.5% smoked (of whom, 43.8% were attempting to quit). After adjustments, smokers vs. never smokers had significantly lower health utilities, lower mental/physical health status and greater absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, activity impairment, emergency room visits, hospitalisations and provider visits. Quit attempters were diagnosed an average 6.9 years (SD = 7.7) previously, with 25.3% reporting moderate/severe COPD. Most-reported main causes of COPD were: smoking (57.5%), illnesses/conditions (53.8%) and pollutants (44.3%). Among quit attempters, 82.8% smoked currently.

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Individual-level factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six cities of China: findings from the ITC China Survey

Cited by 79 publications

References 51 publications

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Burden of smoking among adults with COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in urban China

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