Individual identification of Amur leopards (Panthera pardus orientalis) using molecular-genetic methods and the population size estimation

Рожнов, В. В.; Сорокин, П. А.; Lukarevskiy, V. S.; Найденко, С. В.; Hernandes-Blanko, J. A.; Lukarevskiy, Svyatoslav V.

doi:10.1134/s106235901302012x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The mean observed heterozygosity was 0.33, slightly lower than the expected heterozygosity and ranged from 0.04 to 0.75 ( Table 2 ). The expected heterozygosity in previous studies of 0.45 reported by Rozhnov et al [ 43 ] and 0.43 reported by Sugimoto et al [ 37 ] were also low, indicating the genetic vulnerability of the Amur leopard population. The result of the Wilcoxon test revealed no significant sign of a recent bottleneck (probability of one tail for H excess = 0.29150), although the Garza–Williamson index was less than 0.68 (mean = 0.4205 ± 0.17018), which implies a historic bottleneck event in the population [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Efficient and cost-effective non-invasive population monitoring as a method to assess the genetic diversity of the last remaining population of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russia Far East

et al. 2022

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Small populations of the endangered species are more vulnerable to extinction and hence require periodic genetic monitoring to establish and revisit the conservation strategies. The Amur leopard is critically endangered with about 100 individuals in the wild. In this study, we developed a simple and cost-effective noninvasive genetic monitoring protocol for Amur leopards. Also, we investigated the impact of fecal sample’s age, storage, and collection season on microsatellite genotyping success and data quality. We identified 89 leopard scats out of the 342 fecal samples collected from Land of the Leopard between 2014–2019. Microsatellite genotyping using 12 markers optimized in 3 multiplex PCR reactions reveals presence of at least 24 leopard individuals (18 males and 6 females). There was a significant difference in the success rate of genotyping depending on the time from feces deposition to collection (p = 0.014, Fisher’s exact test), with better genotyping success for samples having <2 weeks of environmental exposure. Amur leopard genetic diversity was found low (Ho− 0.33, HE− 0.35, and NA− 2.57) with no visible population substructure and recent bottleneck signature. Although a historical bottleneck footprint was observed. Mitochondrial DNA diversity was also found low with two haplotypes differing by a point mutation reported in 1,769 bp of investigated sequence covering parts of cytochrome b gene (846 bp), NADH-5 gene (611 bp) and control region (312 bp). We recommend periodic genetic monitoring of wild Amur leopards following the proposed methodology to achieve cost effectiveness and efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Efficient and cost-effective non-invasive population monitoring as a method to assess the genetic diversity of the last remaining population of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russia Far East

et al. 2022

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“…We performed genotyping four times, after which the genotype was determined by standard peak map. Meanwhile, correspondingly, the consensus genotype was determined, which is found a homozygote with a minimum of three times and two times for a heterozygote (Rozhnov et al, ). For the samples that failed to obtain consistent genotype results, we added another three amplifications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of Amur tiger from spatial distribution and genetics within the eastern Changbai mountain of China

Yao

Kostyria

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Population dispersal and migration often indicate an expanded habitat and reduced inbreeding probability, and to some extend reflects improvement in the condition of the population. The Amur tiger population in the northern region of the Changbai mountain in China mostly distributes along the Sino–Russian border, next to the population in southwest Primorye in Russia. The successful dispersal westward and transboundary movement are crucial for the persistence of the Amur tiger in this area. This study explored the spatial dispersal of the population, transboundary migration, and the genetic condition of the Amur tiger population within the northern Changbai mountain in China, using occurrence data and fecal samples. Our results from 2003 to 2016 showed that the Amur tiger population in this area was spreading westward at a speed of 12.83 ± 4.41 km every three years. Genetic diversity of the Amur tiger populations in southwest Primorye was slightly different than the population in our study area, and the potential individual migration rate between these two populations was shown to be about 13.04%. Furthermore, the relationships between genetic distances and spatial distances indicated the existence of serious limitations to the dispersal of the Amur tiger in China. This study provided important information about spatial dispersal, transboundary migration, and the genetic diversity of Amur tigers in China, showed the urgent need for Amur tiger habitat restoration, and suggested some important conservation measures, such as corridor construction to eliminate dispersal barriers and joint international conservation to promote trans‐boundary movement.

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“…Until the two subpopulation of Amur leopard in northern of Primorski Krai disappeared by 1985, the one of the present study becomes only single subpopulation in the planet (Pikunov and Korkishko, 1985) [3]. The subpopulation reside in the region occupying approximately 7,000 km 2 , it is around the borders of the Northeast of China, the extreme southwest of the Primorskii krai (the Far East of Russian), and the extreme north of North Korea [2] [3] [4]. Although the numbers of it is increases in recently [1], however, the Amur leopards on the whole are as few as about 60 individuals [2].As the Amur leopard still is most threatened in a stochastic procession of extinction [5], it is currently classified as Critically…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Along with the attention paid on the Amur leopard increasing, a few researches are taken on the ecology with population, potential supporting prey, habitat situation, distribution, and genetic diversity [6] [1] [7] [4], however, little research on the disease is made. As the diseases have lethality adverse to protection of the wild Amur tiger [8], it reminds us that the situation of Amur leopard is likely with Amur tiger or even worse because it is a small, single population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A coprological survey of parasitic fauna firstly in Wild Far Eastern Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)

Hou¹,

Peng²,

Yao³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background：The Amur leopard, one of nine recently recognized subspecies of leopard, is still most threatened in a stochastic procession of extinction. The potential harmless to the conservation of the Amur leopard originating from the disease is in need of urgent attention. Unfortunately, the research on the potential risk to Amur leopard caused by disease is rare. When the parasites were concerned, even the elementary data, such as parasitic fauna, are absent. Our aim in the study is to accumulate the knowledge of it for a better comprehension. Results: There are 7 parasite species, including 3 nematodes (Toxocara cati, capillarid-type parasite, and Metastrongyloidea-type parasite), 2 cestodes (Spirometra sp. and Taenia sp.), 1 trematode (Paragonimus sp.), and 1 protozoa (Cystoisospora felis), were found in this research. The Toxocara cati was highest frequent occurrence, followed by Spirometra sp. Conclusion: The Amur leopard was infected by seven parasites firstly reported.

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Individual identification of Amur leopards (Panthera pardus orientalis) using molecular-genetic methods and the population size estimation

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Efficient and cost-effective non-invasive population monitoring as a method to assess the genetic diversity of the last remaining population of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russia Far East

Efficient and cost-effective non-invasive population monitoring as a method to assess the genetic diversity of the last remaining population of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russia Far East

Dispersal of Amur tiger from spatial distribution and genetics within the eastern Changbai mountain of China

A coprological survey of parasitic fauna firstly in Wild Far Eastern Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)

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