Individual differences in sucrose consumption in the rat: motivational and neurochemical correlates of hedonia

Brennan, Kelly; Roberts, David C. S.; Anisman, Hymie; Merali, Zul

doi:10.1007/s002130100805

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…These results are an indirect assessment of loss of interest or of pleasure for daily activities in the treated animals. Although it is hard to extrapolate these results to clinical depression, we must recognize that anhedonia 32 as evaluated in this kind of models, could be associated with a depressive like behavior. The same could be said for the loss of interest in feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal upregulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene following neonatal clomipramine treatment (a model of depression)

et al. 2006

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Although a putative role has been attributed to inflammation in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders, the relationship of prostaglandins, known mediators of inflammation, and depression has not been elucidated. Clomipramine is an antidepressive drug with a pro-depressive paradoxical effect in adult rats when administrated neonatally. Using this effect as a model of depression, we investigated the differential expression of the cyclooxygenase (COX-2) gene in rat brains. Rats injected neonatally with clomipramine showed depressive-like symptoms in adulthood, as well as decreased levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a quantitative differential expression of the COX-2 gene (Real Time PCR) and protein (immunohistochemistry) in the hippocampus. As evidenced, the relationship between a key enzyme in the prostaglandin synthesis and biological and behavioral depression-like changes opens an interesting line of investigation regarding the molecular bases of depression and its potential treatment through immunomodulatory drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tests were performed in a randomized sequence. Animals were exposed to the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety; 43,44 the Morris water maze to assess spatial learning and memory; 45,46 the sucrose consumption test to evaluate depression-induced anhedonia, 32,47 and the Porsolt forced swim test to evaluate anxiety and depression. 48 …”

Section: Behavioral Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal upregulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene following neonatal clomipramine treatment (a model of depression)

et al. 2006

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“…In addition to comparing commodities, BPs have been shown to vary systematically as a function of the stimulus qualities of the commodity or magnitude of the commodity. In general, increasing the amount of commodity delivered per reinforcement increases the BP for that commodity (e.g., Dantzer 1976;Hodos 1961;Hodos and Kalman 1963;Sclafani and Ackroff 2003;Reilly 1999), but Brennan et al (2001) reported an inverted-U function with BP increasing and then decreasing at the highest concentration of a sucrose solution. Given the greater BP for highly palatable food (candy) in monkeys and the role that such food plays in the development of obesity (e.g., Blundell and Finlayson 2004) it was of interest to develop procedures for measuring satiation on both palatable and standard food intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

2008

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Rationale-Procedures for studying the effects of medications on satiation will assist the development of obesity medications.Objectives-Develop a procedure for measuring satiation during consumption of bland and highly palatable food, and determine the effect of acute intramuscular administration of dexfenfluramine (DFEN), which increases serotonin levels, and memantine (MEM), which blocks N-methyl-Daspartate receptors.Methods-A modified progressive ratio (PR) procedure was used to track changes in reinforcing strength when a food was consumed. The response requirement increased after each reinforcement, and reinforcing strength was estimated using the breakpoint (BP), which was the last completed response cost. There was one preferred food (sweet candy) and one chow pellet PR session per week. During each session, 4 male and 4 female adult baboons experienced three 1-hr PR trials, separated by 30 min. Chow pellets were available at all other times. We examined the BP for 1 to 20 candies or chow pellets. Drug effects were examined when baboons had access to 1 and 10 candies/pellets.Results-Breakpoints for candy were greater than for pellets. Varying the pellet/candy pieces per delivery, produced an inverted U-shaped function on the first trial, i.e., maximal BP was observed for 3 items, and the BP for multiple items, but not a single item, decreased across trials, i.e., BP decreased with food intake and satiation. DFEN and MEM decreased responding with the greatest effects at 10 deliveries suggesting that DFEN and MEM enhanced satiation.Conclusion-Drugs that enhance satiation for several types of food may be particularly effective for decreasing food intake.

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“…While operant procedures that measure changes in response rate alone cannot separate changes in reward strength from alterations in performance capacity, the breakpoint derived from the PR schedule is a well-validated measure of the rewarding effects of food. The PR task has been used extensively to assess the rewarding impact of drugs of abuse and food in rats (e.g., [6][7][8] ), but to a lesser extent in mice 9 . The increased use of genetically engineered mice and diet-induced obese mouse models has heightened demands for behavioral measures of food reward in mice.…”

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Progressive-ratio Responding for Palatable High-fat and High-sugar Food in Mice

Sharma

Hryhorczuk

Fulton

2012

JoVE

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Foods that are rich in fat and sugar significantly contribute to over-eating and escalating rates of obesity. The consumption of palatable foods can produce a rewarding effect that strengthens action-outcome associations and reinforces future behavior directed at obtaining these foods. Increasing evidence that the rewarding effects of energy-dense foods play a profound role in overeating and the development of obesity has heightened interest in studying the genes, molecules and neural circuitry that modulate food reward 1,2 . The rewarding impact of different stimuli can be studied by measuring the willingness to work to obtain them, such as in operant conditioning tasks 3 . Operant models of food reward measure acquired and voluntary behavioral responses that are directed at obtaining food. A commonly used measure of reward strength is an operant procedure known as the progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. 4,5 In the PR task, the subject is required to make an increasing number of operant responses for each successive reward. The pioneering study of Hodos (1961) demonstrated that the number of responses made to obtain the last reward, termed the breakpoint, serves as an index of reward strength 4 . While operant procedures that measure changes in response rate alone cannot separate changes in reward strength from alterations in performance capacity, the breakpoint derived from the PR schedule is a well-validated measure of the rewarding effects of food. The PR task has been used extensively to assess the rewarding impact of drugs of abuse and food in rats (e.g., [6][7][8] ), but to a lesser extent in mice 9 . The increased use of genetically engineered mice and diet-induced obese mouse models has heightened demands for behavioral measures of food reward in mice. In the present article we detail the materials and procedures used to train mice to respond (lever-press) for a high-fat and high-sugar food pellets on a PR schedule of reinforcement. We show that breakpoint response thresholds increase following acute food deprivation and decrease with peripheral administration of the anorectic hormone leptin and thereby validate the use of this food-operant paradigm in mice.

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Individual differences in sucrose consumption in the rat: motivational and neurochemical correlates of hedonia

Abstract: These results support the contention that motivational differences may partially account for individual variability in sucrose consumption, and that dopaminergic and/or opioidergic agents differentially affect the "wanting" and/or "liking" of sucrose in the High and Low sucrose consumers.

Cited by 64 publications

References 55 publications

Hippocampal upregulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene following neonatal clomipramine treatment (a model of depression)

Hippocampal upregulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene following neonatal clomipramine treatment (a model of depression)

A novel procedure for assessing the effects of drugs on satiation in baboons: effects of memantine and dexfenfluramine

Progressive-ratio Responding for Palatable High-fat and High-sugar Food in Mice

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