Individual Differences in Stressor-Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity Vary with Activation, Volume, and Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala

Gianaros, Peter J.; Sheu, Lei K.; Matthews, Karen A.; Jennings, J. Richard; Manuck, Stephen B.; Hariri, Ahmad R.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3606-07.2008

Cited by 245 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…To compute prestressor BP and HR, the final 3 measurements from the prestressor period were averaged. The incongruent condition—minus—resting BP/HR change scores (ΔBP, ΔHR) were used to compute cardiovascular reactivity to match our previous work 31, 32. These change (reactivity) scores averaged over the Stroop and MSIT tasks were used in analyses given the high correlations between task reactivity scores (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

Gianaros

Sheu

Uyar

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundIndividuals who exhibit large‐magnitude blood pressure (BP) reactions to acute psychological stressors are at risk for hypertension and premature death by cardiovascular disease. This study tested whether a multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked brain activity could reliably predict individual differences in BP reactivity, providing novel evidence for a candidate neurophysiological source of stress‐related cardiovascular risk.Methods and ResultsCommunity‐dwelling adults (N=310; 30–51 years; 153 women) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with concurrent BP monitoring while completing a standardized battery of stressor tasks. Across individuals, the battery evoked an increase systolic and diastolic BP relative to a nonstressor baseline period (M ∆systolic BP/∆diastolic BP=4.3/1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval=3.7–5.0/1.4–2.3 mm Hg]). Using cross‐validation and machine learning approaches, including dimensionality reduction and linear shrinkage models, a multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging activity was identified in a training subsample (N=206). This multivariate pattern reliably predicted both systolic BP (r=0.32; P<0.005) and diastolic BP (r=0.25; P<0.01) reactivity in an independent subsample used for testing and replication (N=104). Brain areas encompassed by the pattern that were strongly predictive included those implicated in psychological stressor processing and cardiovascular responding through autonomic pathways, including the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula.ConclusionsA novel multivariate pattern of stressor‐evoked brain activity may comprise a phenotype that partly accounts for individual differences in BP reactivity, a stress‐related cardiovascular risk factor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

Gianaros

Sheu

Uyar

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Gianaros et al, 2008). Also, several studies indicate that mindfulness is associated with increases in grey matter density (Hölzel et al, 2011) and grey matter concentration (Hölzel et al, 2008;Luders, Toga, Lepore, & Gaser, 2009) in the hippocampus.…”

Section: How Do Mindfulness-related Structural Brain Changes Inform Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Neurobiology of Mindfulness and Emotion Processing

Sayers

Creswell

Taren

2015

Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation

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Mindfulness is associated with reduced negative affective states, increased positive affective states, and reduced clinical affective symptomatology (e.g., depression, anxiety) in previous studies. This chapter examines an emerging body of fMRI and EEG research exploring how mindfulness alters neurobiological emotion processing systems. We examine how dispositional (trait) mindfulness and how adopting a mindful attentional stance (after varying levels of mindfulness training) relate to changes in neural responses to affective stimuli.Evidence suggests mindfulness-related changes in a ventral affective processing network associated with core affect, a dorsal processing network associated with making attributions and appraisals of one's affective experience, and regulatory networks involved in modulating affective processes. These neural effects may underlie the previously observed relationships between mindfulness and changes in reported emotion processing and reactivity. Findings are discussed in light of existing neurobiological models of emotion and we describe important questions for the field in the coming years. NEUROBIOLOGY OF MINDFULNESS AND EMOTION PROCESSING 2 The Emerging Neurobiology of Mindfulness and Emotion ProcessingAn emerging body of research suggests that mindfulness is associated with self-reported and clinically relevant changes in emotion processing. Self-report measures of dispositional mindfulness are associated with reduced negative affective states and positively associated with positive affective states and traits (Brown, Ryan, & Creswell, 2007). Moreover, mindfulnessbased interventions reduce depressive symptomatology and depression-relapse in at-risk patients (Hofmann, Sawyer, Witt, & Oh, 2010;Teasdale et al., 2000), anxiety symptoms (Hofmann, Sawyer, Witt, & Oh, 2010; Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992;Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008), and affective disturbances in chronic pain patients (Grossman, Tiefenthaler-Gilmer, Raysz, & Kesper, 2007;Kabat-Zinn, 1982). This body of work suggests that mindfulness may be associated with changes in emotion processing, and in this chapter we consider the extant mindfulness fMRI and EEG research to better understand how the brain processes affective stimuli in relation to trait mindfulness, while adopting a mindful attentional stance, and after mindfulness training. Neurobiological Models of Mindfulness and Emotion ProcessingNeurobiological models of emotion processing describe a ventral "core affective" system responsible for establishing the threat or reward value of a stimulus, and a more dorsal affect processing system responsible for appraisals and attributions of one's emotional state (Barrett, Mesquita, Ochsner, & Gross, 2007;Phillips, Drevets, Rauch, & Lane, 2003). While regions of affective processing systems overlap somewhat, the ventral system for core affect has been described as including temporal lobe structures (including the amygdala), insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and ventromedial prefr...

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“…The amygdala plays a key role in stress-evoked responses (e.g., [45]). In the case of food intake, the amygdala may be the brain structure mediating the excessive pursuit of highly palatable food during stress.…”

Section: Amygdala and Unhealthy Food Intake In Acute And Chronic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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• The amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in food intake and weight regulation.• These functions are far less known to cognitive and affective scientists.• This review uniquely expands on the interactions between these two brain structures. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures -the amygdalae and the hippocampi -have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.

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Individual Differences in Stressor-Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity Vary with Activation, Volume, and Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala

Cited by 245 publications

References 67 publications

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity

The Emerging Neurobiology of Mindfulness and Emotion Processing

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

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