Individual Differences in Physical Changes Associated With Adolescence in Girls

Reynolds, Earle L.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1948.02030020341006

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The study by Herman-Giddens et al 5 reported younger median ages than any preceding study (Table 3). For example, the median B2 reported was ϳ0.6 to 1.2 years earlier and the median PH2 was ϳ0.5 to 1.4 years earlier than the values from Reynolds and Wines, 13 Nicolson and Hanley, 14 or Lee. 17 Several articles presented analyses of puberty-timing data of children in 3 racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American) from NHANES III, conducted between 1988 and 1994 (Table 3).…”

Section: Girls' Datamentioning

confidence: 84%

“…[9][10][11][12] Earlier studies that assessed breast and pubic hair staging used similar definitions. 13,14 They are based on visual observation alone, either from photographs or in person by a trained professional or a child (ie, self-assessment).…”

Section: Puberty-timing Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 2 small, longitudinal studies included mainly high-SES, white populations. 13,14 Although the 2 studies used different Tanner stage definitions, they reported similar mean ages of breast development onset and menarche, but pubic hair development onset ages were more divergent. Studying a small, largely white population in the early 1970s, Lee 17 reported older ages of breast development onset and menarche than were observed in either the 2 earlier studies or the Bogalusa Heart Study, a study of a similar time period.…”

Section: Girls' Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the earlier studies 13,14,17 (Table 3) all calculated approximately a 2.1-to 2.2-year interval for largely white populations, the duration for white girls only could be compared. Foster et al 61 and Wu et al 47 observed an increase of ϳ2.3 years in the duration of puberty for white girls; however, Herman-Giddens et al 5 observed a longer duration of ϳ3.1 year for white girls.…”

Section: Girls' Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Examination of US Puberty-Timing Data from 1940 to 1994 for Secular Trends: Panel Findings

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whether children, especially girls, are entering and progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s has been debated. Secular trend analysis, based on available data, is limited by data comparability among studies in different populations, in different periods of time, and using different methods. As a result, conclusions from data comparisons have not been consistent. An expert panel was asked to evaluate the weight of evidence for whether the data, collected from 1940 to 1994, are sufficient to suggest or establish a secular trend in the timing of puberty markers in US boys or girls. A majority of the panelists agreed that data are sufficient to suggest a trend toward an earlier breast development onset and menarche in girls but not for other female pubertal markers. A minority of panelists concluded that the current data on girls' puberty timing for any marker are insufficient. Almost all panelists concluded, on the basis of few studies and reliability issues of some male puberty markers, that current data for boys are insufficient to evaluate secular trends in male pubertal development. The panel agreed that altered puberty timing should be considered an adverse effect, although the magnitude of change considered adverse was not assessed. The panel recommended (1) additional analyses of existing puberty-timing data to examine secular trends and trends in the temporal sequence of pubertal events; (2) the development of biomarkers for pubertal timing and methods to discriminate fat versus breast tissue, and (3) establishment of cohorts to examine pubertal markers longitudinally within the same individuals.

show abstract

Section: Girls' Datamentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Puberty-timing Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Girls' Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Girls' Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Examination of US Puberty-Timing Data from 1940 to 1994 for Secular Trends: Panel Findings

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Puberty-timing measures used in studies have expanded in the past century to include measures that capture onset and progression of puberty (eg, Tanner stages) as well as completion. [5][6][7][8][9] Although researchers disagree about whether children are entering and/or progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s, some recent analyses of US cross-sectional data concluded that girls are reaching puberty earlier over this time span, as measured by age at breast development stage, pubic hair development stage, and/or age of menarche. [10][11][12][13][14] Conversely, other studies concluded that there is no compelling evidence of an earlier age of menarche when comparing data collected in the 1950s and 1960s with data collected between 1988 and 1994.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Environmental Factors in the Timing of Puberty

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Puberty-timing measures have historically been used as indicators of adequate nutrition and growth. More recently, these measures have been examined in relation to exposure to estrogenic or antiandrogenic agents, as well as other environmental factors. The scientific community has debated whether puberty timing is occurring earlier today than in the mid-1900s in the United States and, if so, whether environmental factors play a role; however, no one has asked a multidisciplinary panel to resolve this question. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert panel jointly sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and Serono Symposia International was convened to examine the evidence of a secular trend, identify potential environmental factors of concern, and identify research needs regarding environmental factors and puberty timing at "The Role of Environmental Factors on the Timing and Progression of Puberty" workshop. The majority of the panelists concluded that the girls' data are sufficient to suggest a secular trend toward earlier breast development onset and menarche from 1940 to 1994 but that the boys' data are insufficient to suggest a trend during this same period. The weight-of-the-evidence evaluation of human and animal studies suggest that endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly the estrogen mimics and antiandrogens, and body fat are important factors associated in altered puberty timing. A change in the timing of puberty markers was considered adverse from a public health perspective. The panel recommended research areas to further our understanding of the relationships among environmental factors, puberty-timing outcomes, and other reproductive and adult disease at the individual and population levels.T HE AGE OF puberty has historically been used as a measure of health status of particular populations. From as early as the 1800s, data on the age of menarche have been collected and recorded in health records among specific populations in the United States 1 and Europe. 2 Declines in the age at menarche have been reported from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s, and these declines have been attributed to improvements in nutrition occurring over the same period (Fig 1). 3,4 Contemporary and historical studies of puberty timing have focused on girls' age at menarche, in part because it is relatively easy to collect either retrospectively or prospectively. Puberty-timing measures used in studies have expanded in the past century to include measures that capture onset and progression of puberty (eg, Tanner stages) as well as completion. [5][6][7][8][9] Although researchers disagree about whether children are entering and/or progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s, some recent analyses of US cross-sectional data concluded that girls are reaching puberty earlier over this time span, as measured by age at breast development stage, pubic hair development stage, and/or age of menarche. [10][11][12][13][14] Conversely, other...

show abstract