Individual differences in information integration during moral judgment.

Forsyth, Donelson R.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.264

Cited by 120 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Forsyth (1981b) believed that the sensitivity level of wrongdoing may vary among individuals with different ethical ideologies. He further suggested that differences in ethical ideology may affect the way in which individuals' process information about problems involving own or peer wrongdoing (Forsyth, 1985). This is supported by his later study (1999), which described association between ethical ideologies and positive viewpoints towards peer reporting in academic dishonesty as an appropriate response to unethical behavior.…”

Section: Relationship Between Ethical Ideology and Theory Of Planned supporting

confidence: 52%

“…Ajzen (1991) suggested that most models of ethical decision-making found that individuals who judge an action as morally right are most likely to form behavioural intentions to carry out that action (Hunt & Vitell, 1986). This view is further strengthened in the studies by Forsyth (1985) and Trevino (2007), where those individuals who scored higher in idealism tended to perceive academic dishonesty as unethical behaviour and would not compromise themselves by indulging in such behaviours; in contrast, high relativists tended to believe that sometimes academic dishonesty is necessary owing to the constraints of the environment and is not wrong. Barnett et al's (1996)'s findings also suggested that idealists tended to feel guilty if they engaged in academic dishonesty, and so they would not perform such behaviour, even though their peers engaged in it.…”

Section: Proposed Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Ethical Decision Making in Academic Dishonesty with Application of Modified Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review

Meng¹,

Othman²,

Alby³

et al. 2014

IES

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This conceptual paper studies the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP) in academic dishonesty with the mediating variable of ethical ideologies. The study reviews literature on the Theory of Planned Behavior and past studies pertaining to academic dishonesty. The paper analyses the relationship of the variables of TPB on academic dishonesty with ethical ideologies. A conceptual research framework is presented; it provides insight into predicting and understanding how academic dishonesty can occur. The framework suggests that ethical ideology is significantly strengthened by the application of TPB in understanding and predicting how academic dishonesty occurs. Given that ethical ideology provides guidance in judging right and wrong, duty, obligation and moral responsibility, it is an appropriate tool for the researcher, who needs better understanding to diagnose the influences of ethical ideology on unethical behaviour.

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Section: Relationship Between Ethical Ideology and Theory Of Planned supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Proposed Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ethical Decision Making in Academic Dishonesty with Application of Modified Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review

Meng¹,

Othman²,

Alby³

et al. 2014

IES

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“…Forsyth (1980Forsyth ( , 1985 , for example, offered a two-dimensional model based on relativ ism and idealism. Identified initially in an exploratory study of individual differences in judgments of psychological…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual attitudes and moral values: The importance of idealism and relativism

Singh

Forsyth

1989

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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The present study tested a model of individual differences in moral thought, which assumes that attitudes concerning prescribed and proscribed social actions are part of an integrated conceptual system of personal ethics. When individuals who have varying personal moral philosophies were compared, those who emphasize the validity of fundamental moral principles (nonrelativists) expressed relatively negative attitudes about proscribed forms of sexual behavior, whereas relativists' reactions were more positive . The impact of relativism on attitudes, however, was tempered by idealism: when individuals endorsed highly idealistic ideologies, relativism was unrelated to attitudes. These find ings suggest that variations in sexual attitudes are linked to individual differences in moral outlook.Since the publication of Kinsey 's research dealing with sexual behavior, many researchers have sought to uncover the reasons for widespread variations in sexual attitudes and behavior (Hendrick, Hendrick, Slapion-Foote, & Foote, 1985;Kinsey , Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948;Singh , 1980 ;Staples, 1978). The present study extended this research by presenting and testing a model of sexual attitudes based on personal moral philosophies. According to this model, attitudes concerning sexual practices are sustained by moral values that define a sense of right and wrong for the individual. Sexual attitudes are not isolated from other social attitudes , but instead are part of an integrated conceptual system of personal ethics. This integrated system, or personal moral philosophy, provides guidelines for moral judgments, solutions to ethical dilemmas, and prescriptions for actions in morally toned situations. Applied to variations in sexual attitudes, this model argues that individuals differ in their reactions to various types of sexual activities, such as premarital sex, extramarital sex, and sex between same-sexed individuals , because they endorse divergent personal moral philosophies.Variations in personal moral philosophies can be conceptualized in a variety of ways (Gilligan, 1982 ;Haan, 1986;Hogan, 1973;Kohlberg , 1983; see Waterman, 1988, for a review). Forsyth (1980Forsyth ( , 1985 , for example, offered a two-dimensional model based on relativ ism and idealism. Identified initially in an exploratory study of individual differences in judgments of psychologicalThe authors thank L. Diana, K. Singh , and 1. S. William s for their assistance with various aspects of this research . Reprint requests should be sent to Donelson R. Forsyth, Department of Psychology, Virgini a Commonwealth University, Richmond , VA 23284-2018. research, these two dimensions parallel distinctions made by other theorists and researchers. In many cases, previous researchers have viewed these two aspects of morality as the endpoints of a single continuum, or as mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, Forsyth's twodimensional model of personal moral philosophies assumes that individuals range from high to low in their emphasis on principles and consequence...

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“…In a subsequent study (Forsyth, 1981), individuals who indicated their personal moral philosophy as involving universal moral principles were more likely to rate actions that had intended negative consequences as least moral (see Forsyth & Pope, 1984 for similar results), while those individuals whose moral philosophy involved a willingness to violate universal moral principles to avoid negative consequences (i.e., an exceptionist orientation) rated the actions as most moral. Moreover, Forsyth (1985) also demonstrated that individuals endorsing different moral philosophies also processed decision-relevant information about their judgment and the consequences of their actions in different ways. Furthermore, these differing patterns were entirely consistent with what would be expected from each of the four identified moral orientations.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Moral Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving ethical dilemmas: Exploring the role of moral principles

Blais¹,

Thompsom²

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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……..We sought to answer two questions via this exploratory study. First, we investigated whether or not individual differences in moral principle selection/preference existed in response to six moral dilemmas. Second, we sought to find out whether they were related to the demographic variables of sex and age. As part of a larger study on moral decision making, 64 participants read and reflected upon six ethical dilemmas, rated the extent to which 5 moral principles influenced their decisions regarding these dilemmas, and selected their preferred courses of action in response to each dilemma. Results of multilevel analyses suggest that there was significant within-and between-subjects variability in the extent to which the participants relied on various moral principles to resolve the dilemmas. That is, clear individual differences existed in the moral principles that the participants reported had guided their moral responses to the dilemmas. We also found that different moral principles were invoked to differing extents depending on the domain of the decision (non-moral, military moral and non-military moral). Of the individual difference variables assessed here, results revealed that age was a significant predictor of moral principle preference, with older adults being more likely to use virtue-and care-based principles than did younger adults. Sex was not significantly associated with moral principle selection. We discuss the potential implications of individual differences in the use of moral principles and offer directions for future research in this area. Résumé ….....La présente étude exploratoire visait à répondre à deux questions. En premier lieu, nous avons voulu savoir s'il existait des différences d'un individu à l'autre dans les préférences ou le choix de principes moraux utilisés dans la prise de décision face à six dilemmes moraux. En second lieu, nous nous sommes demandé dans quelle mesure, lorsque de telles différences existent entre les individus, celles-ci sont-elles liées aux variables démographiques que sont l'âge et le sexe. Dans le cadre d'une étude plus vaste portant sur le processus de prise de décision morale, 64 participants ont lu six dilemmes éthiques afin d'y réfléchir et d'évaluer dans quelle mesure cinq principes moraux influençaient leur décision face à ces dilemmes. Ils ont ensuite indiqué quelles étaient leurs lignes de conduite de prédilection face à chacun des dilemmes. Les résultats des analyses à niveaux multiples suggèrent qu'il existait des variations chez un même sujet et entre les sujets en ce qui a trait à l'importance qu'accordaient les participants à la portée des différents principes moraux pour résoudre ces dilemmes. Ce qui signifie qu'il existait des différences claires d'un individu à l'autre dans les principes moraux que les participants disaient avoir utilisés pour guider leur réponse morale à chacun des dilemmes. Nous avons également découvert que différents principes moraux ont été évoqués dans différentes mesures selon le domaine de décision (non lié...

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Individual differences in information integration during moral judgment.

Cited by 120 publications

References 22 publications

Ethical Decision Making in Academic Dishonesty with Application of Modified Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review

Ethical Decision Making in Academic Dishonesty with Application of Modified Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review

Sexual attitudes and moral values: The importance of idealism and relativism

Resolving ethical dilemmas: Exploring the role of moral principles

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