Individual Differences in Executive Functioning: Implications for Stress Regulation

Williams, Paula; Suchy, Yana; Rau, Holly

doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9100-0

Cited by 165 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, there are suggestions that Conscientiousness may be related to multiple executive functions (Murdock et al, 2013), and that Conscientiousness and executive function may be underpinned by the same neural substrates (e.g. DeYoung et at al, 2010) and have multiple important relationships (Williams et al, 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-report measures of executive function problems correlate with personality, not performance-based executive function measures, in nonclinical samples.

Buchanan

2016

Psychological Assessment

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Researchers and clinicians often measure executive function in patients and normal samples. In addition to cognitive tests that objectively measure executive function, several instruments have been developed that address individuals' everyday experience of executive problems. Such selfreport measures of executive problems may have value, but there are questions about the extent to which they tap objectively-measurable executive problems or are influenced by variables such as personality. Relationships between self-reported executive problems, personality, and cognitive test performance were assessed in three separate, well-powered, methodologically distinct correlational studies using non-clinical samples. These studies used multiple measures of personality and self-reported executive function problems. Across all three studies, self-reported executive function problems were found to correlate with neuroticism and with low conscientiousness, with medium to large effect sizes. However self-reported problems did not correlate with performance on Trail Making, Phonemic Fluency, Semantic Fluency or Digit Span tests tapping executive function. A key implication of these findings is that in non-clinical samples, self-report questionnaires may not be proxies for executive functioning as measured by neuropsychological tests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-report measures of executive function problems correlate with personality, not performance-based executive function measures, in nonclinical samples.

Buchanan

2016

Psychological Assessment

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“…These may include psychological factors, such as depressive personality traits and self-efficacy (Bruce et al, 2010;Ciechanowski et al, 2000), social interactions, such as caregiver support (Feil et al, 2009;Nicklett & Liang, 2010;Okura et al, 2009), and behaviors associated with cognitive decline and dementia, such as impairments in insight, motivation, personality, mood, and impulse control (Ballard et al, 2000;Kaufer et al, 2000). Even in cognitively normal persons, individual differences in executive function have been found to influence health behaviors such as diet and exercise adherence (Hall et al, 2006(Hall et al, , 2008Williams et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes

Feil¹,

Zhu

Sultzer³

2011

J Behav Med

132

114

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Although nearly one-third of older diabetics are cognitively impaired, their diabetes management remains poorly understood. To examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional observational analysis. 1,398 persons with diabetes, aged 60 years or older, who responded to the 2003 Health and Retirement Study Diabetes Survey. We conducted logistic regressions on the effects of cognitive impairment on respondents' self-management ability after controlling for diabetes comorbidities, demographics, and clinical characteristics. Participants with greater cognitive impairment were less likely to adhere to exercise (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] = 0.725 and 0.712 for moderate and severe cognitive impairment, both P < 0.05), and to diet (AOR = 0.906 and 0.618 for moderate and severe cognitive impairment, both P < 0.01). Cognitive impairment is associated with worse self-care and may pose challenges to diabetic older persons, notably in diet and exercise. Cognitive screening may be indicated in this high risk group.

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“…Since executive functions are considered to be essential in coping effectively with stress (46,47), impairments in executive functioning might, at least theoretically, play an important role in the development of burnout. Accordingly, when confronted with stressors on the job, executive dysfunction might lead to inadequate coping strategies that may enhance the probability of developing a burnout.…”

Section: Burnout and Cognitive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burned out cognition – cognitive functioning of burnout patients before and after a period with psychological treatment

Oosterholt¹,

Linden²,

Maes³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Individual Differences in Executive Functioning: Implications for Stress Regulation

Abstract: A theoretical framework that includes individual differences in EF will inform behavioral medicine research on stress risk and resilience.

Cited by 165 publications

References 189 publications

Self-report measures of executive function problems correlate with personality, not performance-based executive function measures, in nonclinical samples.

Self-report measures of executive function problems correlate with personality, not performance-based executive function measures, in nonclinical samples.

The relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes

Burned out cognition – cognitive functioning of burnout patients before and after a period with psychological treatment

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