Individual differences in emotionality and peri-traumatic processing

Logan, Shanna; O’Kearney, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.12.003

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The effects of verbal tasks, however, are less robust, with some studies finding an increase in reported intrusions (Bourne et al, 2010; [exp. 2]; Holmes et al, 2004, 2010), whilst other studies report no significant difference (Deeprose et al, 2012; Logan & O’Kearney, 2012) or a decrease in intrusions compared to no-task controls (Krans, Näring, & Becker, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with healthy volunteers have repeatedly shown that visuospatial tasks, such as modelling clay into predetermined geometric shapes, visuospatial tapping or the videogame Tetris, performed during exposure to a trauma film, resulted in fewer subsequent intrusions compared to no-task controls (concurrent interference; Bourne, Frasquilho, Roth, & Holmes, 2010; Holmes, Brewin, & Hennessy, 2004; Logan & O’Kearney, 2012). Similar studies have also shown that visuospatial tasks performed soon after film viewing, hence when the memory is not yet consolidated, reduced subsequent intrusions by retroactively interfering with memory consolidation (Deeprose, Zhang, DeJong, Dalgleish, & Holmes, 2012; Holmes, James, Coode-Bate, & Deeprose, 2009; Holmes, James, Kilford, & Deeprose, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and testing of TraumaGameplay: an iterative experimental approach using the trauma film paradigm

Asselbergs

Sijbrandij

Hoogendoorn³

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Vivid trauma-related intrusions are a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and may be involved in its onset. Effective interventions to reduce intrusions and to potentially prevent the onset of subsequent PTSD are scarce. Studies suggest that playing the videogame Tetris, shortly after watching aversive film clips, reduces subsequent intrusions. Other studies have shown that taxing working memory (WM) while retrieving an emotional memory reduces the memory’s vividness and emotionality. Objective: We developed TraumaGameplay (TGP), a gaming app designed to reduce intrusions. This paper describes two successive experiments to determine whether playing TGP without memory retrieval (regular TGP) or TGP with memory retrieval (dual-task TGP) reduces intrusion frequency at one week compared to a no-game control. Method: For both experiments, healthy university students were recruited. Experiment 1: 92 participants were exposed to a trauma film and randomized to (1) regular TGP1 (n = 31), (2) dual-task TGP1 (n = 31) or (3) control (n = 30). In experiment 2, 120 healthy students were exposed to a trauma film and randomized to (1) regular TGP2 (n = 30), (2) dual-task TGP2 (n = 29), (3) recall only (n = 31) or (4) control (n = 30). Results: We found no significant difference between conditions on the number of intrusions for either playing regular TGP or dual-task TGP in both experiment 1 and experiment 2. Conclusion: Our results could not replicate earlier promising findings from preceding experimental research. Several reasons may underpin this difference ranging from the visuospatial videogame used in our experiments to the method of the experiment to the difficulties of replicability in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and testing of TraumaGameplay: an iterative experimental approach using the trauma film paradigm

Asselbergs

Sijbrandij

Hoogendoorn³

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Individuals with HA seem to further apply a dysfunctional pattern of emotion regulation strategies with high levels of emotional suppression and low levels of cognitive reappraisal [ 20 , 21 ]. The modulation of the intensity and duration of emotions is especially important in HA individuals because of their disposition to experience intense and prolonged negative emotional responses [ 18 , 22 ], which is associated with higher rates of psychopathology [ 14 , 23 ]. HA is also associated with the development of PTSD [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Ehlers & Clark's cognitive model of PTSD, impaired cognitive processing due to high peri-traumatic arousal is reflected by the predominance of data-driven over conceptual processing of traumatic events, resulting in increased intrusions and disorganised trauma memories [ 26 , 35 ]. Particularly in HA individuals, less data-driven processing seems to result in less intrusive memories [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of pre-existing anxiety on affective and cognitive processing of a Virtual Reality analogue trauma

et al. 2017

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Dysfunctional processing of traumatic events may be in particular related to high trait anxiety as a pre-traumatic risk factor for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, as this has rarely been investigated in prospective, experimental studies, we aimed to analyse the association between high trait anxiety and affective as well as cognitive processing of stress using a new prospective Virtual Reality analogue trauma paradigm to overcome limitations of retrospective or current analogue designs. Individuals with high and low trait anxiety (N = 80) were exposed to a multi-sensory Virtual Reality emergency scenario while psychophysiological stress response, emotion regulation and intrusive memories were assessed. Our results showed that high trait anxiety individuals display increased (i) subjective stress responses, (ii) emotion dysregulation and (iii) intrusive memories upon VR analogue trauma exposure. In particular, our sample of high trait anxiety individuals displayed limited access to different emotion regulation strategies as well as increased worry and rumination regarding perceived intrusive memories. Considering the complex interplay of multiple risk factors, our findings suggests that peri-traumatic affective processing seems to mediate high trait anxiety and post-traumatic intrusive memories thereby pointing out the central role of peri-traumatic processes for intrusion development. In addition, HA as a modulating pre-traumatic risk factor might further increase the risk of later dysfunctional processing of an analogue trauma by interacting with factors of affective processing during analogue trauma exposure. Implications of these findings which may contribute to a higher risk to develop PTSD are discussed.

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“…Some researchers have found that, as expected, participants who engaged in a task that interfered with verbal, conceptual processing of the film material reported an increase in intrusive images, relative to participants in a no-task condition [3], [14], [16], [20]. However, other researchers have found a concurrent verbal task did not influence the frequency of intrusions [20] – [22] and in some cases even led to a decrease in the frequency of intrusions, relative to a no-task control condition [18], [23], [24]. Brewin [6] suggests that these inconsistent findings may be the result of the nature of the verbal task selected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Differences in the Relationship between Intrusions and Trauma Narratives Using the Trauma Film Paradigm

Jobson

Dalgleish

2014

PLoS ONE

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Two studies explored the influence of culture on the relationship between British and East Asian adults’ autobiographical remembering of trauma film material and associated intrusions. Participants were shown aversive film clips to elicit intrusive images. Then participants provided a post-film narrative of the film content (only Study 1). In both studies, participants reported intrusive images for the film in an intrusion diary during the week after viewing. On returning the diary, participants provided a narrative of the film (delayed). The trauma film narratives were scored for memory-content variables. It was found that for British participants, higher levels of autonomous orientation (i.e. expressions of autonomy and self-determination) and self-focus in the delayed narratives were correlated significantly with fewer intrusions. For the East Asian group, lower levels of autonomous orientation and greater focus on others were correlated significantly with fewer intrusions. Additionally, Study 2 found that by removing the post-film narrative task there was a significant increase in the number of intrusions relative to Study 1, suggesting that the opportunity to develop a narrative resulted in fewer intrusions. These findings suggest that the greater the integration and contextualization of the trauma memory, and the more the trauma memory reflects culturally appropriate remembering, the fewer the intrusions.

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Individual differences in emotionality and peri-traumatic processing

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Development and testing of TraumaGameplay: an iterative experimental approach using the trauma film paradigm

Development and testing of TraumaGameplay: an iterative experimental approach using the trauma film paradigm

The impact of pre-existing anxiety on affective and cognitive processing of a Virtual Reality analogue trauma

Cultural Differences in the Relationship between Intrusions and Trauma Narratives Using the Trauma Film Paradigm

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