Individual Differences in Brain Structure and Resting Brain Function Underlie Cognitive Styles: Evidence from the Embedded Figures Test

Hao, Xinyuan; Wang, Kangcheng; Li, Wenfu; Yang, Wenjing; Wei, Dongtao; Qiu, Jiang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078089

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This may also be the case for individuals with higher scores in the non-clinical portion of the distribution of autistic traits. In a recent neuroimaging study, Hao et al ( 2013 ) isolated specific anatomo-functional correlates of individual differences in performance at the Embedded Figure Test (a task of visual field independence and piecemeal attention; Shah and Frith, 1983 ) after controlling for the effects of fluid intelligence, as measured with the Raven’s Progressive matrices, age and sex. Overall, this suggests that whilst classical intelligence tests may tap on multiple cognitive components, some of which are relevant for attention to detail, the latter rests on a more restricted set of skills some of which are more basic and encapsulated than general intelligence measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRIndex: a brief screening tool for individual differences in security threat detection in x-ray images

Rusconi

Ferri

Viding

et al. 2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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X-ray imaging is a cost-effective technique at security checkpoints that typically require the presence of human operators. We have previously shown that self-reported attention to detail can predict threat detection performance with small-vehicle x-ray images (Rusconi et al., 2012). Here, we provide evidence for the generality of such a link by having a large sample of naïve participants screen more typical dual-energy x-ray images of hand luggage. The results show that the Attention to Detail score from the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) questionnaire (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) is a linear predictor of threat detection accuracy. We then develop and fine-tune a novel self-report scale for security screening: the XRIndex, which improves on the Attention to Detail scale for predictive power and opacity to interpretation. The XRIndex is not redundant with any of the Big Five personality traits. We validate the XRIndex against security x-ray images with an independent sample of untrained participants and suggest that the XRIndex may be a useful aid for the identification of suitable candidates for professional security training with a focus on x-ray threat detection. Further studies are needed to determine whether this can also apply to trained professionals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRIndex: a brief screening tool for individual differences in security threat detection in x-ray images

Rusconi

Ferri

Viding

et al. 2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) data were acquired using a T2∗-weighted echo-planar imaging sequence [time repetition (TR) = 2000 ms; time echo (TE) = 30 ms; flip angle = 90 ∘ ; field of view (FOV) = 220 mm; Matrix = 64 × 64, 32 slices; 3 mm slice thickness; voxel size = 3.4 mm × 3.4 mm × 3 mm]. For each participant 242 contiguous EPI functional volumes were collected during one run of 8 min and 4 s. Participants were instructed to lie in the scanner with eyes closed while thinking of nothing, and remaining still, relaxed, and awake throughout the scanning session ( Hao et al, 2013 ). Additionally, high-resolution T1-weighted spin-echo images were collected (TR/TE = 1900 ms/2.52 ms; flip angle = 9 ∘ ; FOV = 256 mm; Matrix = 256 × 256; 1 mm slice thickness, 176 slices; voxel size = 1 mm × 1 mm × 1mm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Love-related changes in the brain: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Song

Zou

Kou

et al. 2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Romantic love is a motivational state associated with a desire to enter or maintain a close relationship with a specific other person. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have found activation increases in brain regions involved in the processing of reward, motivation and emotion regulation, when romantic lovers view photographs of their partners. However, not much is known about whether romantic love affects the brain’s functional architecture during rest. In the present study, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data was collected to compare the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) across an “in-love” group (LG, N = 34, currently intensely in love), an “ended-love” group (ELG, N = 34, ended romantic relationship recently), and a “single” group (SG, N = 32, never fallen in love). Results show that: (1) ReHo of the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was significantly increased in the LG (in comparison to the ELG and the SG); (2) ReHo of the left dACC was positively correlated with length of time in love in the LG, and negatively correlated with the lovelorn duration since breakup in the ELG; (3) FC within the reward, motivation, and emotion regulation network (dACC, insula, caudate, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens) as well as FC in the social cognition network [temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), inferior parietal, precuneus, and temporal lobe] was significantly increased in the LG (in comparison to the ELG and SG); (4) in most regions within both networks FC was positively correlated with the duration of love in the LG but negatively correlated with the lovelorn duration of time since breakup in the ELG. This study provides first empirical evidence of love-related alterations in brain functional architecture. Furthermore, the results shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of romantic love, and demonstrate the possibility of applying a resting-state fMRI approach for investigating romantic love.

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“…Since the amplitudes of resting BOLD fluctuations have previously been shown to predict task-evoked BOLD activation as well as relate to cognitive performance (Feng, Feng, & Chen, 2013; Hao et al, 2013; Mennes et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2013; Wei et al, 2012; Xu et al, 2014), and ReHo has been shown to be elevated in the S1 cortex of acupuncturists (known for having high tactile discrimination ability) (Dong et al, 2013), we hypothesized that the local fALFF and ReHo values in the S1 hand region would likewise relate to sensory performance, here in terms of tactile acuity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting BOLD fluctuations in the primary somatosensory cortex correlate with tactile acuity

Haag

Heba

Lenz

et al. 2015

Cortex

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Sensory perception, including 2-point discrimination (2ptD), is tightly linked to cortical processing of tactile stimuli in primary somatosensory cortices. While the role of cortical activity in response to a tactile stimulus has been widely investigated, the role of baseline cortical activity is largely unknown. Using resting state fMRI we investigated the relationship between local BOLD fluctuations in the primary somatosensory cortex (the representational field of the hand) and 2ptD of the corresponding index finger (right and left). Cortical activity was measured using fractional amplitudes of the low frequency BOLD fluctuations (fALFF) and synchronicity using regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the S1 hand region during rest. 2ptD correlated with higher ReHo values in the representational areas of the contralateral S1 cortex (left hand: p = .028; right hand: p = .049). 2ptD additionally correlated with higher fALFF in the representational area of the left hand (p = .007) and showed a trend for a significant correlation in the representational area of the right hand (p = .051). Thus, higher BOLD amplitudes and synchronicity at rest, as measures of cortical activity and synchronicity, respectively, are related to better tactile discrimination abilities of the contralateral hand. Our findings extend the relationship seen between spontaneous BOLD fluctuations and sensory perception.

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Individual Differences in Brain Structure and Resting Brain Function Underlie Cognitive Styles: Evidence from the Embedded Figures Test

Cited by 34 publications

References 91 publications

XRIndex: a brief screening tool for individual differences in security threat detection in x-ray images

XRIndex: a brief screening tool for individual differences in security threat detection in x-ray images

Love-related changes in the brain: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Resting BOLD fluctuations in the primary somatosensory cortex correlate with tactile acuity

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