Individual Differences in Animal Stress Models: Considering Resilience, Vulnerability, and the Amygdala in Mediating the Effects of Stress and Conditioned Fear on Sleep

Wellman, Laurie L.; Fitzpatrick, Mairen E.; Hallum, Olga Y; Sutton, Amy; Williams, Brook L; Sanford, Larry D.

doi:10.5665/sleep.5856

Cited by 31 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…As with previous studies, [8][9][10] we found that contextual reexposure alone could alter REM. ANOVA revealed a Group × Treatment interaction (F 1, 14 = 5.68, p < .04) for comparisons of Baseline and CTX1 for total 20-h REM.…”

Section: Nphr-mediated Peri-shock Inhibition Of Bla Significantly Incsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is most apparent in training with inescapable footshock (IS; an uncontrollable stressor) which can reduce subsequent REM, whereas training with escapable footshock (ES) or avoidable footshock (controllable stressors) can be followed by increases in REM. [8][9][10] Indices of stress, such as stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), 11 and fear memory, such as behavioral freezing, 12 can be virtually identical in situations that produce increases or decreases in REM. 10,13 Outbred rats can show significant variations in poststress REM after very similar stressors, thereby suggesting that individual differences in stress responsivity are also involved in mediating the effects of stress on sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] Indices of stress, such as stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), 11 and fear memory, such as behavioral freezing, 12 can be virtually identical in situations that produce increases or decreases in REM. 10,13 Outbred rats can show significant variations in poststress REM after very similar stressors, thereby suggesting that individual differences in stress responsivity are also involved in mediating the effects of stress on sleep. 10 Importantly, evoking fear memories produce changes in sleep similar to those produced by the initial fearful event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,13 Outbred rats can show significant variations in poststress REM after very similar stressors, thereby suggesting that individual differences in stress responsivity are also involved in mediating the effects of stress on sleep. 10 Importantly, evoking fear memories produce changes in sleep similar to those produced by the initial fearful event. 9,10 Together, these findings suggest that the ability of fearful events to produce differential sleep outcomes reflects unique learning processes that are not accounted for by current concepts of fear conditioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Importantly, evoking fear memories produce changes in sleep similar to those produced by the initial fearful event. 9,10 Together, these findings suggest that the ability of fearful events to produce differential sleep outcomes reflects unique learning processes that are not accounted for by current concepts of fear conditioning. The significance of the differences in stress-induced alterations in REM has not been established; however, REM has been hypothesized to play a role in "decoupling" memory from its emotional charge 14,15 and aiding in processing of memory for trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief Optogenetic Inhibition of the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) in Mice Alters Effects of Stressful Experiences on Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)

Machida

Wellman

et al. 2017

Sleep

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Study Objectives: Stressful events can directly produce significant alterations in subsequent sleep, in particular rapid eye movement sleep (REM); however, the neural mechanisms underlying the process are not fully known. Here, we investigated the role of the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala (BLA) in regulating the effects of stressful experience on sleep. Methods: We used optogenetics to briefly inhibit glutamatergic cells in BLA during the presentation of inescapable footshock (IS) and assessed effects on sleep, the acute stress response, and fear memory. c-Fos expression was also assessed in the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), both regions involved in coping with stress, and in brain stem regions implicated in the regulation of REM. Results: Compared to control mice, peri-shock inhibition of BLA attenuated an immediate reduction in REM after IS and produced a significant overall increase in REM. Moreover, upon exposure to the shock context alone, mice receiving peri-shock inhibition of BLA during training showed increased REM without altered freezing (an index of fear memory) or stress-induced hyperthermia (an index of acute stress response). Inhibition of BLA during REM under freely sleeping conditions enhanced REM only when body temperature was high, suggesting the effect was influenced by stress. Peri-shock inhibition of BLA also led to elevated c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala and mPFC and differentially altered c-Fos activity in the selected brain stem regions. Conclusions: Glutamatergic cells in BLA can modulate the effects of stress on REM and can mediate effects of fear memory on sleep that can be independent of behavioral fear.

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Section: Nphr-mediated Peri-shock Inhibition Of Bla Significantly Incsupporting

confidence: 90%