Individual Difference Effects on Performance in a Complex, Multi-Decision-Making Environment

Abstract

The present research examines the impact of cognitive style and short-term memory (STM) capacity on the computer interface usability of a pilot simulation. Participants screened for individual differences in cognitive style and STM capacity were randomly assigned to a training condition within the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MAT; Arnegard & Comstock, 1991). Training conditions varied in automation settings (adaptive versus static). Participants transferred to a novel static condition. Between subjects independent variables were individual differences in STM capacity (high, low), cognitive style (analytic, holistic, quasi-rational), and training (static versus adaptive). Within subjects independent variables were training (four blocks) and transfer (four blocks) sessions. Dependent variables were accuracy and reaction time. Results suggest that individual differences in STM capacity and cognitive style are orthogonal constructs that interact to affect skill acquisition and strategy development for visual-spatial tasks. Implications related to computer interface design are discussed.

Individual Differences in Multitasking Performance

“…Personality itself may not be the best indicator of multitasking performance, but may play an important role in selection and subsequent training. Cognitive style may play a more predictive role in individual's performance in multitasking, automated environments (Pratt & Holzworth, 2005), as well as working memory and visuospatial ability (Morgan et al, 2013). Future research should consider these factors as well to create a more holistic picture of the individual differences that are most predictive of multitasking performance when working with automated systems.…”