Individual dental expenditure by Australian adults

Teusner, DN; Brennan, DS; Gnanamanickam, ES

doi:10.1111/adj.12108

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our results agreed with previous research showing higher DE among the wealthy (30) and higher risk of CDE among the poor (31). It also agrees with findings showing the impact of insurance on DE (24), the association of OOP with CDE (32) and with facing impoverishment (33). The association between pain and greater DE and higher odds of CDE provides evidence to advise patients about addressing dental problems at an earlier stage before they progress to pain and require complex treatment with higher cost.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our finding disagrees with reports about payment methods in Canada where 31.9% of payment was OOP and 62.6% was through employment-based insurance with only 5.5% (mostly welfare recipients) eligible for public funding through government assistance programs (5). It also disagrees with an Australian study reporting that 83% of dental fees were paid by individuals (24) and a Chinese study where 80% paid OOP despite governmental and private insurance covering dental services (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Dental expenditure and catastrophic dental expenditure in Eastern Saudi Arabia: Pattern and associated factors

AlBaty¹,

AlGhasham²,

Wusaybie³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Dent

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Background: Dental services have one of the highest expenses among health services. The aims of the study were to assess (1) dental expenditure (DE), (2) catastrophic dental expenditure (CDE), (3) dental services payment and (4) factors associated with DE and CDE. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 2018 in Saudi Arabia. Using convenience sample, participants were recruited from governmental and private dental clinics/hospitals. A questionnaire assessed (a) personal information, (b) dental background: payment methods, type of clinics visited, perceived oral health status, frequency of pain and (c) payment for dental services received. The number of remaining teeth was clinically assessed. Two outcome variables were assessed (1) total DE in linear regression and (b) CDE (DE exceeds 10% of income) in logistic regression. Personal and dental background variables were explanatory variables. Results: The response rate was 83.8% (419/500) with 43% reporting expenditure, 16.5% facing CDE and 36.3% using multiple payment methods. The greatest DE was for crowns and bridges, root canal therapy, fillings and implants. Income, payment method and pain were associated with DE and CDE. Conclusions: Participants used multiple payment methods including out of pocket and faced CDE. The bulk of expenditure was for rehabilitative services. The availability and quality of health-insured primary care services may reduce the financial burden facing dental patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Dental expenditure and catastrophic dental expenditure in Eastern Saudi Arabia: Pattern and associated factors

AlBaty¹,

AlGhasham²,

Wusaybie³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Dent

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“…As for Italy, the dental expenditure per capita was nearly 250EUR and the public health care system only provided 5% of oral care [27]. In Australia, the mean total dental expenditure was 702 USD and mean out-of-pocket expenditure was 489 USD [28]. Dental expenditure for Chinese adults was at a lower level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dental expenditure, progressivity and horizontal inequality in Chinese adults: based on the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2020

BMC Oral Health

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Background: The financial burden of oral diseases is a growing concern as the medical expenses rise worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the dental expenditure, analyze its progressivity and horizontal inequality under the general health finance and insurance system, and identify the key social determinants of the inequality for Chinese adults. Methods: A secondary analysis used the data of 13,464 adults from the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey (NOHES) in China was undertaken. The dental expenditure was collected and divided into out-of-pocket and health insurance payments. Horizontal inequality index and Kakwani index were used to analyze the horizontal inequality and progressivity, respectively. The decomposition model of the concentration index was set up to explore the associated socioeconomic determinants. Results: The results showed that a mean dental expenditure per capita of Chinese adults was $20.55 (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 18.83,22.26). Among those who actually used dental service, the cost was $100.95 (95%CI: 93.22,108.68). Over 90% of dental spending was due to out-of-pocket expenses. For self-reported oral health, the horizontal inequality index was − 0.1391 and for the decayed tooth (DT), it was − 0.2252. For out-of-pocket payment, the Kakwani index was − 0.3154 and for health insurance payment it was − 0.1598. Income, residential location, educational attainment, oral hygiene practice, self-reported oral health, age difference were the main contributors to the inequality of dental expenditure.

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“…General dental: Average costs are from Teusner et al (2013), who estimate dental expenses for Australian adults. They find that most demographics are not statistically significantly correlated with average cost per visit.…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Choice and Product Bundling in a Complicated Health Insurance Market

Kettlewell

2018

J. Human Resources

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This paper evaluates health insurance policy selection and how this interacts with product bundling by using a discrete choice experiment closely calibrated to the Australian private health insurance market. The experimental approach overcomes some limitations of revealed preference research in this area. The results indicate that consumers are likely to make choices that violate expected utility theory, use heuristic decision strategies, and over-insure relative to minimising out-of-pocket costs. Decision quality is significantly lower when choosing a bundled hospital/ancillaries health insurance policy (compared to stand-alone ancillaries cover), which is the policy type most consumers purchase in Australia.

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Individual dental expenditure by Australian adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Dental expenditure and catastrophic dental expenditure in Eastern Saudi Arabia: Pattern and associated factors

Dental expenditure and catastrophic dental expenditure in Eastern Saudi Arabia: Pattern and associated factors

Dental expenditure, progressivity and horizontal inequality in Chinese adults: based on the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey

Policy Choice and Product Bundling in a Complicated Health Insurance Market

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