How leaf traits vary with environmental and climatic variables in cold and arid environments is an essential issue in 5 environmental ecology. Here, we analyzed the variations in leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and leaf 6 dry matter content (LDMC) in Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) growing in 14 environmentally different plots 7 on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the N and P concentrations, N:P ratio and LDMC of Qilian 8 juniper were 10.89 mg.g -1 , 1.04 mg.g -1 , 10.80 and 483.06 mg.g -1 , respectively. The spatial coefficients of the variations in 9 leaf N and P stoichiometry were significantly higher than the seasonal ones, and the correlations of leaf N and P concentrations with spatial variables were stronger than their correlations with the season. During the growing season, only the leaf N concentration and N:P ratio significantly increased. Soil nutrients were highly positively significantly correlated with leaf P concentrations but negatively correlated with the N:P ratio and LDMC. However, leaf N concentrations showed no significant correlations with soil nutrients. We suggest that the effects of temperature on the N concentration and LDMC were stronger than the effects of drought, while those on the P concentration and N:P ratio were weaker. Drought reduced leaf N and P concentrations and increased the N:P ratio and LDMC. In the arid region, with an increasing mean annual temperature (MAT), leaf N concentration significantly decreased, and LDMC significantly increased. In the semi-arid region, as MAT increased, leaf N and P concentrations significantly increased and LDMC and the N:P ratio significantly decreased. These opposite results supported the growth rate hypothesis that plant N and P concentrations increase while the N:P ratio and LDMC decrease as the growth rate increases.