Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood stunting in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis

Adekanmbi, Victor; Kayode, Gbenga A; Uthman, Olalekan A.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00361.x

Cited by 147 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The finding that older children were shorter for their age is consistent with those of other studies 21,41 and supports the hypothesis that low HAZ is believed to be caused by the cumulative effect of undernutrition 42,43 for children living in deprived conditions. Furthermore, identification of chronic protozoan infections (primarily Giardia spp.)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prediction of Child Health by Household Density and Asset-Based Indices in Impoverished Indigenous Villages in Rural Panamá

Halpenny

Koski²,

Valdés³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chronic infection over a 16-month period and stunting of preschool children were compared between more spatially dense versus dispersed households in rural Panamá. Chronic protozoan infection was associated with higher household density, lower household wealth index, poor household water quality, yard defecation, and the practice of not washing hands with soap before eating. Models for chronic diarrhea confirmed the importance of household wealth, water quality, sanitation, and hygiene practices. Furthermore, chronic protozoan infection was an important predictor for low height-for-age, along with low household wealth index scores, but not household density. Thus, despite better access to health related infrastructure in the more densely populated households, chronic protozoan infection was more common, and was associated with higher rates of child stunting, compared with more dispersed households.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prediction of Child Health by Household Density and Asset-Based Indices in Impoverished Indigenous Villages in Rural Panamá

Halpenny

Koski²,

Valdés³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The association between mother's education and child's health and nutritional status is well documented in other countries (Adekanmbi et al . ; Muhangi et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of stunting reduction in Ethiopia 2000 – 2011

Woodruff¹,

Wirth

Bailes

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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The prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia declined from 57% in 2000 to 44% in 2011, yet the factors producing this change are not fully understood. Data on 23,999 children 0-59 months of age from three Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 2000, 2005, and 2011 were analyzed to assess the trends in stunting prevalence, mean height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and the associations between potential factors and HAZ. Associations were determined separately using three separate generalized linear models for children age less than 6 months, 6-23 months, and 24-59 months of age. Significant variables were then analyzed to determine if they showed an overall trend between the 2000 and 2011 surveys. In children < 6 months of age, only mother's height was both a significant predictor of HAZ and showed a progressive, albeit non-significant, increase from 2000 to 2011. In children 6-23 months of age, only mother's use of modern contraception showed substantial changes in a direction consistent with improving HAZ, but improvements in maternal nutrition status were observed from 2000 to 2005. For children 24-59 months of age a consistent and progressive change is seen in child's diarrhea, fever, mother's education, and the occurrence of open defecation. Our analysis demonstrated that factors associated with HAZ vary by child's age and the dominant livelihood practice in the community. Variables that could have contributed to the decline of stunting in Ethiopia in children less than 5 years of age include markers of child health, mother's nutritional status, mother's educational level, and environmental hygiene.

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“…On the other hand, it may be that the home environment protects children from outside contextual factors, as mothers may act as shields against adversities. Nonetheless, studies with this age group have shown that the maternal protection factors do not prevent environmental factors from causing outcomes such as obesity, stunting, or diarrhoea [Aremu et al, 2011;Adekanmbi et al, 2013;Kimbro and Denney, 2013].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood Determinants of Caries Experience in Preschool Children: A Multilevel Study

Priesnitz¹,

Celeste²,

Pereira³

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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Objectives: To investigate the association between neighbourhood factors and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index among preschool children. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 1,110 children (0-5 years old) clustered in 16 official neighbourhoods of Canoas city, southern Brazil. Multilevel binomial models were used to estimate the association of contextual variables at neighbourhood level (Human Development Index, average income, and public primary health care units) with two oral health outcomes: decayed teeth (dt) and missing or filled teeth (mft), after adjusting for individual variables (gender, age, maternal education, equivalent household income logarithm, household, and point of care). Results: Overall, 24.9% of the sample had dental caries experience (dmft >0), and 92.3% of the dmft was untreated caries. There was no statistical significant association (p > 0.05) of contextual characteristics with the decay component. The teeth of children living in richer areas had 2.87 (95% CI: 1.05-7.86) times more chances of being treated (mft component). Variance attributed to neighbourhood level was estimated as 5.9% (p < 0.01) and 4.1% (p = 0.17) for dt and mft, respectively, in adjusted models. Conclusions: Intra-urban areas seem homogeneous, with small variability between neighbourhoods, having no contextual effect on untreated dental caries (dt). Contextual variables may influence treatment access (mft) through the use of dental services in preschool children.

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Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood stunting in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis

Cited by 147 publications

References 49 publications

Prediction of Child Health by Household Density and Asset-Based Indices in Impoverished Indigenous Villages in Rural Panamá

Prediction of Child Health by Household Density and Asset-Based Indices in Impoverished Indigenous Villages in Rural Panamá

Determinants of stunting reduction in Ethiopia 2000 – 2011

Neighbourhood Determinants of Caries Experience in Preschool Children: A Multilevel Study

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