Individual and combined effects of shading and thinning chemicals on abscission and dry-matter accumulation of ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruit

McArtney, Steven J.; White, M.; Latter, I.; Campbell, J. M.

doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511787

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We found that maximum values of AGR under grey and blue nets were 20% greater than control ( Figure 1B), and similar to those observed by Stanley et al (2000) in 'Royal Gala' apples in New Zealand, between 2-2.5 g d -1 , who also demonstrated a positive relation between AGR increment and final fruit size. Apple fruit growth rate is affected by availability of photo-assimilates for adequate cell division (McArtney et al, 2004;Zibordi et al, 2009), while more prolonged cell division phase normally leads to higher values of AGR in apples (Stanley et al, 2000). In our study, leaf photosynthesis under blue net was 28% higher than white net (Table 4), probably by a direct effect of PPFD reduction by shading due to leading to less stressful microclimate conditions and thus leading to greater net CO2 assimilation (Smit, 2007) and therefore more carbohydrate availability for adequate fruit growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of light conditions on apple fruit growth have been documented. Brief reduction of light intensity by heavy shading during early stages of fruit growth reduces apple fruit growth rate and induces fruit drop (McArtney et al, 2004), and it was closely related to decreases in photosynthesis and tree C assimilation (Zibordi et al, 2009). Light availability also affects fruit growth by affecting carbohydrate partitioning between fruit and shoots.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Potential use of Photo-Selective Nets for Fruit Growth Regulation in Apple

Bastías

Manfrini

Grappadelli

2012

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The effect of shading (i.e. reduction of sunlight availability) on fruit growth physiology has been widely studied in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), but little knowledge exist about fruit growth responses to changes in the light spectrum. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of use of colored nets with differential sunlight transmission in the blue (B, 400-500 nm), red (R, 600-700 nm) and far-red (FR, 700-800 nm) spectra on apple fruit growth and physiological associated responses. Three year old 'Fuji' apple trees were covered with 40% photo-selective blue and red shade nets, 40% neutral grey shade net, and 20% neutral white net as control. Red and blue net reduced in the same proportion (27%) the photosynthetically active radiation with respect to control. However, blue net increased by 30% and reduced by 10% the B:R and R:FR the light relations, respectively. Maximal fruit growth rate under blue and grey nets was 15-20% greater than control. Fruit weight under blue net was 17% greater than control, but no significant differences in fruit weight were found among red net and control. Leaf photosynthesis and total leaf area under blue net were 28% and 30% higher than control, respectively; with ensuing positive effect on tree net C assimilation rate and total dry matter production. Results suggest that shifting the B, R, and FR light composition with photo-selective nets could be a useful tool to manipulate the photosynthetic and morphogenetic process regulating the carbohydrate availability for apple fruit growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential use of Photo-Selective Nets for Fruit Growth Regulation in Apple

Bastías

Manfrini

Grappadelli

2012

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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“…During the post-bloom thinning period, at about 10-20 days after bloom, demand for carbohydrates and other nutrients from various sinks exceeds what the sources can supply (Lakso et al 1999). The carbon balance may integrate the negative eVects of shading, application of photosynthetic inhibitors, elevated temperatures on fruit abscission or the combined eVects of simultaneous shade and chemical thinners (McArtney et al 2004). Periods of shading or terbacil (photosynthetic-inhibiting herbicide) treatment that led to fruit abscission was shown to reduce nonstructural carbohydrates in the fruit (Polomski et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission

et al. 2008

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Apple trees generally produce excessive number of flowers and young fruitlets, which negatively affects commercial value. Thus, thinning is an important practice by which excessive flowers and fruitlets abort. Fruit abscission is difficult to predict or control, as many factors including shading can cause fruitlets to abort. In order to understand the molecular basis of shade-induced fruit abscission, two cDNA libraries were constructed using the suppression-subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and 347 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. 168 ESTs represent transcripts that are preferentially expressed after 24 h of shading, and the other 179 are derived from RNAs of small apple fruits that were shaded for 72 h. Sequence analyses revealed that these clones represent 68 (24 h) and 44 (72 h) unique genes; these genes belong in eight functional categories. The largest set of genes is related to carbohydrate metabolism including the sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) gene that was generally believed not to be expressed in young fruits, while the second largest group contains unclassified or unknown genes. RNA gel blot analysis confirmed that at least 26 genes are up-regulated after shade treatment. Some of these known genes may serve as molecular markers for apple monitoring the induction of fruitlet abscission. Improved genetic understanding is critical to the development of targeted abscission agents to better control apple crop loads and optimize apple production.

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“…A decrease in the relative growth rates of fruit is apparent within 2 days after shading [18,19]. Fruit abscission begins at 5 to 10 days after shading and peaks at 15 days [20-22]. Therefore, reduction in fruit growth is an earlier response to shading, while fruit abscission is the final effect of shading on fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo assembly and characterization of fruit transcriptome in Litchi chinensis Sonn and analysis of differentially regulated genes in fruit in response to shading

Wang

Huang

et al. 2013

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundLitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is one of the most important fruit trees cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. However, a lack of transcriptomic and genomic information hinders our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit set and fruit development in litchi. Shading during early fruit development decreases fruit growth and induces fruit abscission. Here, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was employed for the de novo assembly and characterization of the fruit transcriptome in litchi, and differentially regulated genes, which are responsive to shading, were also investigated using digital transcript abundance(DTA)profiling.ResultsMore than 53 million paired-end reads were generated and assembled into 57,050 unigenes with an average length of 601 bp. These unigenes were annotated by querying against various public databases, with 34,029 unigenes found to be homologous to genes in the NCBI GenBank database and 22,945 unigenes annotated based on known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database. In further orthologous analyses, 5,885 unigenes were assigned with one or more Gene Ontology terms, 10,234 hits were aligned to the 24 Clusters of Orthologous Groups classifications and 15,330 unigenes were classified into 266 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Based on the newly assembled transcriptome, the DTA profiling approach was applied to investigate the differentially expressed genes related to shading stress. A total of 3.6 million and 3.5 million high-quality tags were generated from shaded and non-shaded libraries, respectively. As many as 1,039 unigenes were shown to be significantly differentially regulated. Eleven of the 14 differentially regulated unigenes, which were randomly selected for more detailed expression comparison during the course of shading treatment, were identified as being likely to be involved in the process of fruitlet abscission in litchi.ConclusionsThe assembled transcriptome of litchi fruit provides a global description of expressed genes in litchi fruit development, and could serve as an ideal repository for future functional characterization of specific genes. The DTA analysis revealed that more than 1000 differentially regulated unigenes respond to the shading signal, some of which might be involved in the fruitlet abscission process in litchi, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying organ abscission.

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Individual and combined effects of shading and thinning chemicals on abscission and dry-matter accumulation of ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruit

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Exploring the Potential use of Photo-Selective Nets for Fruit Growth Regulation in Apple

Exploring the Potential use of Photo-Selective Nets for Fruit Growth Regulation in Apple

Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission

De novo assembly and characterization of fruit transcriptome in Litchi chinensis Sonn and analysis of differentially regulated genes in fruit in response to shading

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