Individual and combined anti-trypanosomal effects of arteether and diminazene aceturate in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats

Egbe-Nwiyi, Tobias Nnia; Abalaka, Samson Eneojo; Sani, Nuhu Abdulazeez; Tenuche, Oremeyi Z.; Idoko, Idoko Sunday

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2020.1858-1862

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Researchers would be able to explore how a potential drug could instigate changes in the organs and track this through individual animals at multiple time points, compared to conventional research requiring the animal to be sacrificed. The techniques shown in this paper could be applied for example to the research from Dkhil et al or Egbe-Nwiyi [ 23 , 24 ] examining the changes in splenomegaly in trypanosome infected mice following treatment. Furthermore, it allows easy quantitative measurement of the spleen volume, which is not explored as readily as the change in spleen mass and the opportunity to explore changes between male and female mice additionally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial magnetic resonance imaging of splenomegaly in the Trypanosoma brucei infected mouse

2022

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Splenomegaly, an enlargement of the spleen, is a known clinical sign of the parasitic disease, human African trypanosomiasis. This study follows the development of splenomegaly in a group of mice over multiple infection points, using a non-invasive imaging modality, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CD-1 mice infected with GVR35 T.b. brucei demonstrated a significant increase in spleen size from day 7 post-infection, with changes in the spleen tracked in individual animals over five time points. At the final time point, the mean spleen weight calculated using the spleen volume from the MR images was compared with the post-mortem gross spleen weight. No significant difference was detected between the two methods (1.62 ± 0.06g using MRI and 1.51 ± 0.04g gross weight, p = 0.554). Haematology and histological analysis were also performed, giving additional insight into splenomegaly for the GVR35 strain of infection. The study demonstrates that MRI is a useful tool when examining changes in organ volume throughout HAT infection and may be applicable in the investigation of a range of conditions where changes in organ volume occur and MRI has not been used previously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial magnetic resonance imaging of splenomegaly in the Trypanosoma brucei infected mouse

2022

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“…Mishina et al (2007), investigated the effect of artemisinins on Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense and reported inhibition of parasitic development in vitro. Egbe-Nwiyi and Yakubu (2015), reported clearance of parasitaemia by a combination of diminazene aceturate and a Dihydroartemisinin in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Combination of Artemether and ‎Diminazene Aceturate Therapy in Experimental Trypanosoma brucei ‎Infection in Rats

Okonkwo¹,

Anene²,

Ihedioha³

2020

SJVS

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This study evaluated the efficacy of a combination of artemether and diminazene aceturate therapy in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in rats. Thirty five male albino rats used for the study were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats each as follows: Group A- infected and treated with diminazene aceturate (DA) at 7.0 mg/kg body weight (bw), intramuscular (IM) once on day 7 post-infection (pi); Group B – infected and treated with artemether (ART) at 3.2 mg/kg bw IM on day 7pi and 1.6mg/kg bw IM on days 8,9,10 and 11pi; Groups C,D and E, – infected and treated with DA at 7.0 mg/kg bw IM, 3.5 mg/kg bw IM, and 1.75 mg/kg bw IM respectively, once on day 7pi and ART at 3.2 mg/kg bw IM on day 7pi plus 1.6mg/kg bw on days 8,9,10 and 11pi; Group F –infected, untreated and Group G – uninfected, untreated. Onset of parasitaemia (OP), level of parasitaemia (LOP), clearance of parasites post treatment, mortality post infection, relapse of parasitaemia post clearance, rectal temperature, and body weight, were determined at specified intervals during the 70-day experimental period. Results showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) variations in the OP and LOP between the infected groups. Trypanosomes were cleared from the blood of rats in group A, C, D, and E after treatment. All the rats in groups B and F were dead by day 14pi. The infection relapsed in groups C and E. It was concluded that a combination of DA (3.5mg/kg bw once) and ART (3.2 mg/kg bw on day 1 of treatment and 1.6 mg/kg bw for 4 consecutive days) exhibited efficacy comparable to the standard dose of DA at 7mg/kg in the treatment of trypanosome brucei in rats and could thus possibly constitute an effective treatment regimen to reduce the dose of DA and avoid toxicity.

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Insight to Antitrypanosomal and Anti-Anaemic Potency of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Ethanol Extract on Trypanosoma congolense-Infected Wistar Rats

M.O.¹,

Omowaye²,

Makolo³

et al. 2023

NJPAS

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Introduction: Trypanosomiasis often caused by trypanosome is common among wildlife and domestic animals. Aim and Objectives: This study assessed the antitrypanosomal and anti-anemic activities of bitter leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) against Trypanosoma congolense. Methodology: Forty (40) healthy wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120-150 g were used at the beginning of the experiment. They were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). In A, B, D, E and F (n = 5) but group C was started with fifteen (15) rats till death reduced the population to five (5). Group A rats were uninfected and untreated; group B rats were uninfected but treated (500 mg/kgbwt BLEE); group C rats were infected but not treated; groups D, E and F rats were infected and treated (100, 300 and 500 mg/kgbwt BLEE, respectively). Infection of the rats was carried out by injecting 0.1 ml of blood containing approximately 1 × 103 trypanosomes intraperitoneally into each rat in the infected groups. The effects of BLEE on the infected rats were determined. Changes in haemoglobin level and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined prior, during and post infection. Results: The results obtained revealed that the percentage values for haemoglobin level and PCV of infected rats in this study were remarkably reduced compared with the uninfected rats. A marked association between the prevalence of Trypanosoma congolense, haemoglobin level and PCV was observed in this study. The extract immobilized the trypanosome in the treated groups as compared to the infected but untreated group. The BLEE was able to cause a remarkable reduction of parasitaemia level, improved haemoglobin level and PCV as compared to the infected-untreated rats. Conclusion: Our findings thus has given an indication of in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal and anti-anemic activities of Vernonia amygdalina against Trypanosoma congolense.

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Individual and combined anti-trypanosomal effects of arteether and diminazene aceturate in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Serial magnetic resonance imaging of splenomegaly in the Trypanosoma brucei infected mouse

Serial magnetic resonance imaging of splenomegaly in the Trypanosoma brucei infected mouse

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Combination of Artemether and ‎Diminazene Aceturate Therapy in Experimental Trypanosoma brucei ‎Infection in Rats

Insight to Antitrypanosomal and Anti-Anaemic Potency of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Ethanol Extract on Trypanosoma congolense-Infected Wistar Rats

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