Individual addressing of trapped <sup>171</sup>Yb<sup>+</sup> ion qubits using a microelectromechanical systems-based beam steering system

Crain, Stephen; Mount, Emily; Baek, So Young; Kim, J.

doi:10.1063/1.4900754

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ways must be found to compactly route and switch laser beams between different trapping zones. To this end various efforts have been directed towards the development of micro-mechanical mirrors [16,17] and the integration of fibers into trap structures [17]. Also, unlike microwave and radio-frequency sources, lasers are typically large and power consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal gate-set for trapped-ion qubits using a narrow linewidth diode laser

et al. 2015

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We report on the implementation of a high fidelity universal gate-set on optical qubits based on trapped 88 Sr + ions for the purpose of quantum information processing. All coherent operations were performed using a narrow linewidth diode laser. We employed a master-slave configuration for the laser, where an ultra low expansion glass Fabry-Perot cavity is used as a stable reference as well as a spectral filter. We characterized the laser spectrum using the ions with a modified Ramsey sequence which eliminated the affect of the magnetic field noise. We demonstrated high fidelity single qubit gates with individual addressing, based on inhomogeneous micromotion, on a two-ion chain as well as the Mølmer-Sørensen two-qubit entangling gate. OPEN ACCESS RECEIVED

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal gate-set for trapped-ion qubits using a narrow linewidth diode laser

et al. 2015

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“…In the 171 Yb + system, lasers at 355 nm are ideal for gate operations, with reliability owing to their widespread use in conventional UV lithography. For optical beam delivery, recent developments in micromirror technology 67 and multi-channel acousto-optic modulator (AOM) technology developed for the optical communication and semiconductor fabrication industries 68 are attractive solutions, and in the coming years these devices will be tightly integrated with trapped ion systems.…”

Section: Integration Technologies For Trapped Ion Quantum Computersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-designing a scalable quantum computer with trapped atomic ions

2016

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The first generation of quantum computers are on the horizon, fabricated from quantum hardware platforms that may soon be able to tackle certain tasks that cannot be performed or modelled with conventional computers. These quantum devices will not likely be universal or fully programmable, but special-purpose processors whose hardware will be tightly co-designed with particular target applications. Trapped atomic ions are a leading platform for first-generation quantum computers, but they are also fundamentally scalable to more powerful general purpose devices in future generations. This is because trapped ion qubits are atomic clock standards that can be made identical to a part in 10 15 , and their quantum circuit connectivity can be reconfigured through the use of external fields, without modifying the arrangement or architecture of the qubits themselves. In this forwardlooking overview, we show how a modular quantum computer with thousands or more qubits can be engineered from ion crystals, and how the linkage between ion trap qubits might be tailored to a variety of applications and quantum-computing protocols. Quantum information processors have the potential to perform computational tasks that are difficult or impossible using conventional modes of computing. 1-3 In a radical departure from classical information, the qubits of a quantum computer can simultaneously store bit values 0 and 1, and when measured they probabilistically assume definite states. Many interacting qubits, isolated from their environment, can represent huge amounts of information: there are exponentially many binary numbers that can co-exist, with entangled qubit correlations that can behave as invisible wires between the qubits. Even in the face of Moore's Law, or the doubling in conventional computer power every year or two, the complexity of massively entangled quantum states of just a few hundred qubits can easily eclipse the capacity of classical information processing. 4 There are but a few known applications that exploit this quantum advantage, such as Shor's factoring algorithm, 5 and future quantum information processors will likely be applied to special-purpose applications. On the other hand, a quantum computer has not yet been built; therefore, new quantum applications and algorithms will likely follow from the evolution and capability of quantum hardware.In the 20 years since the advent of Shor's algorithm 5 and the discovery of quantum error correction, 6-8 there has been remarkable progress in demonstrations of entangling quantum gates on o10 qubits in certain physical systems. Current efforts aim to scale to hundreds, thousands or even millions of interacting qubits. Unlike the classical scaling of bits and logic gates, however, large quantum systems are not comparable to the behaviour of just a few qubits. Just because 2 or 4 qubits can be completely controlled with negligible errors does not mean that this system can readily scale to 4100 qubits.In the last few years, two particular quantum hardware platforms have e...

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“…3(b), spanning 2 seconds, with the inner 3 ions each separated by about 7 µm. Particularly for individual addressing in linear ion chains, crosstalk between neighboring ions is an important potential error source 12,15,19 , and the simple individual addressing afforded by the ability to tightly focus short wavelength radiation 20 is a significant advantage of optical in relation to microwave approaches 21 . We quantified crosstalk errors that would result on a neighboring ion by displacing an ion by a known distance from the focus, and measuring the probability of excitation when a pulse of length equal to the π-time at the focus, t π0 , is applied; this we define as the crosstalk error, consistent with previous work 21 .…”

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical addressing of an ion qubit

Mehta¹,

Bruzewicz²,

McConnell³

et al. 2016

Nature Nanotech

208

129

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The long coherence times and strong Coulomb interactions afforded by trapped ion qubits have enabled realizations of the necessary primitives for quantum information processing (QIP) 1 , and indeed the highest-fidelity quantum operations in any qubit to date 2-4 . But while light delivery to each individual ion in a system is essential for general quantum manipulations and readout, experiments so far have employed optical systems cumbersome to scale to even a few tens of qubits 5 . Here we demonstrate lithographically defined nanophotonic waveguide devices for light routing and ion addressing fully integrated within a surface-electrode ion trap chip 6 . Ion qubits are addressed at multiple locations via focusing grating couplers emitting through openings in the trap electrodes to ions trapped 50 µm above the chip; using this light we perform quantum coherent operations on the optical qubit transition in individual 88 Sr + ions. The grating focuses the beam to a diffraction-limited spot near the ion position with a 2 µm 1/e 2 -radius along the trap axis, and we measure crosstalk errors between 10 −2 and 4×10 −4 at distances 7.5-15 µm from the beam center. Owing to the scalability of the planar fabrication employed, together with the tight focusing and stable alignment afforded by optics integration within the trap chip, this approach presents a path to creating the optical systems required for large-scale trapped-ion QIP.Individual trapped ions show great promise for quantum computing; however, the lack of a scalable optical interface to manipulate and measure the quantum states of ions has been a major limitation to the development of a large-scale system 5 . Our approach to this problem utilizes nanophotonic single-mode (SM) waveguides and grating couplers integrated within the trap chip. Light is routed on chip by the waveguides and coupled by the gratings to beams with designed amplitude and phase profiles emitting from the chip towards the ions. These gratings are compact compared to the optical fibers and Fresnel lenses (both with cross-sections ≥100 µm in diameter) previously integrated with planar traps for addressing 7 and fluorescence collection 8,9 , and most importantly the planar fabrication used here to define the optics for both routing and addressing lends itself to intimate integration with the trap electrodes. Furthermore, such waveguide systems have been demonstrated to be scalable to complex geometries of thousands of devices or more 10 . Though micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors integrated with traps have been proposed as well 11 , experiments so far have utilized MEMS components external to the vacuum chamber and separate from the chip 12 , leaving full integration an essential outstanding challenge.Integrated waveguide devices bring several advantages for ion addressing in planar traps. The ability to fabricate, in the same lithographically defined waveguide layer, multiple splitters, waveguide crossings, and bends with radii less than 10 µm, would enable the realization of a v...

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Individual addressing of trapped ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ ion qubits using a microelectromechanical systems-based beam steering system

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Universal gate-set for trapped-ion qubits using a narrow linewidth diode laser

Universal gate-set for trapped-ion qubits using a narrow linewidth diode laser

Co-designing a scalable quantum computer with trapped atomic ions

Integrated optical addressing of an ion qubit

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Individual addressing of trapped 171Yb+ ion qubits using a microelectromechanical systems-based beam steering system

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Universal gate-set for trapped-ion qubits using a narrow linewidth diode laser

Universal gate-set for trapped-ion qubits using a narrow linewidth diode laser

Co-designing a scalable quantum computer with trapped atomic ions

Integrated optical addressing of an ion qubit

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Product

Resources

About

Individual addressing of trapped ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ ion qubits using a microelectromechanical systems-based beam steering system