Indium Tin Oxide Film Characteristics after Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process with Control of Pad Conditioning Temperature

Performance enhancement of inverted perovskite solar cells through interface engineering by TPD based bidentate self-assembled monolayers

“…ITO is the most commonly used anode electrode in the inverted PSCs due to its transparency in the visible region, ease of patterning and high electrical conductivity [16][17][18][19]. However, its rough surface creates pin holes leading leakage currents and surface states due to dangling bonds on the surface that causes recombination of charge carriers via trapping centers at the interface [20,21]. The work function of ITO is reported to change from 4.5 to 4.7 eV that is much lower than the HOMO level of donor material.…”