Indium mineralisation in A-type granites in southeastern Finland: Insights into mineralogy and partitioning between coexisting minerals

Cook, Nigel J.; Sundblad, Krister; Valkama, M.; Nygård, Rune; Ciobanu, Cristiana L.; Danyushevsky, Leonid V.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.006

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Substitution of In and Ga into sphalerite can occur via coupled substitution with monovalent cations, and with Cu + in particular [1, 15,16,42,[69][70][71][72][73]. A positive correlation was observed in the Cu + Ag vs.…”

Section: Sphaleritementioning

confidence: 87%

“…NIST-SRM-610 [51] was used as a bracketing external standard, and GSE-1G and GSD-1G [52] were analyzed as secondary standards to evaluate accuracy. For enargite, sphalerite, pyrite and galena, the collected analytes were 51 V, 52 Cr, 55 Mn, 57 Fe, 59 Co, 60 Ni, 65 Cu, 66 Zn, 71 Ga, 72 Ge, 75 As, 77 Se, 95 Mo, 107 Ag, 114 Cd, 115 In, 118 Sn, 121 Sb, 125 Te, 197 Au, 202 Hg, 205 Tl, 208 Pb and 209 Bi. USGS Mass-1 [53] was used as a bracketing external standard, and NIST-SRM-610, GSE-1G and GSD-1G were used as secondary standards.…”

Section: La-icp-ms Spot Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used two separate analytical protocols for sulfates/silicates and sulfides/sulfosalts, respectively. For alunite, barite and dickite, the collected analytes were 27 Al, 31 P, 44 Ca, 49 Ti, 53 Cr, 55 Mn, 57 Fe, 65 Cu, 66 Zn, 71 Ga, 72 Ge, 75 As, 77 Se, 85 Rb, 88 Sr, 98 Mo, 107 Ag, 115 In, 118 Sn, 121 Sb, 137 Ba, 139 La, 140 Ce, 197 Au, 208 Pb, 209 Bi, 232 Th and 238 U. The internal standard isotopes used for data reduction were 27 Al (alunite and dickite) and 137 Ba (barite), based on contents confirmed previously by WDS.…”

Section: La-icp-ms Spot Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

et al. 2017

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Germanium, gallium and indium are in high demand due to their growing usage in high-tech and green-tech applications. However, the mineralogy and the mechanisms of concentration of these critical elements in different types of hydrothermal ore deposits remain poorly constrained. We investigated the mineralogical distribution of Ge, Ga and In at the Mt Carlton high-sulfidation epithermal deposit in NE Australia, using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Parageneses from which selected minerals were analyzed include: Stage 1 acid sulfate alteration (alunite), Stage 2A high-sulfidation enargite mineralization (enargite, argyrodite, sphalerite, pyrite, barite), Stage 2B intermediate-sulfidation sphalerite mineralization (sphalerite, pyrite, galena) and Stage 3 hydrothermal void fill (dickite). Moderate to locally high concentrations of Ga were measured in Stage 1 alunite (up to 339 ppm) and in Stage 3 dickite (up to 150 ppm). The Stage 2A ores show enrichment in Ge, which is primarily associated with argyrodite (up to 6.95 wt % Ge) and Ge-bearing enargite (up to 2189 ppm Ge). Co-existing sphalerite has comparatively low Ge content (up to 143 ppm), while Ga (up to 1181 ppm) and In (up to 571 ppm) are higher. Sphalerite in Stage 2B contains up to 611 ppm Ge, 2829 ppm Ga and 2169 ppm In, and locally exhibits fine colloform bands of an uncharacterized Zn-In mineral with compositions close to CuZn 2 (In,Ga)S 4 . Barite, pyrite and galena which occur in association with Stage 2 mineralization were found to play negligible roles as carriers of Ge, Ga and In at Mt Carlton. Analyzed reference samples of enargite from seven similar deposits worldwide have average Ge concentrations ranging from 12 to 717 ppm (maximum 2679 ppm). The deposits from which samples showed high enrichment in critical elements in this study are all hosted in stratigraphic sequences that locally contain carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. In addition to magmatic-hydrothermal processes, such rocks could potentially be important for the concentration of critical elements in high-sulfidation epithermal deposits.

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Section: Sphaleritementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: La-icp-ms Spot Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: La-icp-ms Spot Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

et al. 2017

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“…Indium consumption is therefore expected to increase in the following years, keeping the trend registered in the nineties and focusing a special interest simultaneously on its exploitation from promising polymetallic sulphide ores-such as those found within the Iberian Pyrite Belt [5], an important metallogenic province crossing the south of Portugal and extending into Spain, and on the improvement of primary recovery and recycling technologies. To improve the search for this scarce metal and to enhance its exploitation, experts are overwhelmed [6,7], and therefore a reappraisal of the crystal and mineral chemistry of indium, focused on excess-metal chalcogenides, appears to be a decisive and helpful step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium-Carrier Minerals in Polymetallic Sulphide Ore Deposits: A Crystal Chemical Insight into an Indium Binding State Supported by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Data

et al. 2012

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Indium is a typical chalcophile element of the Earth's crust, with a very low average content that seldom forms specific minerals, occurring mainly as dispersed in polymetallic sulphides. Indium recovery is based primarily on zinc extraction from sphalerite, the prototype of so-called tetrahedral sulphides, wherein metal ions fill half of the available tetrahedral sites within the cubic closest packing of sulphur anions, leaving interstices accessible for further in-filling. Ascertaining the tendency towards the establishment of In-In interactions through an x-ray absorption spectroscopy approach would efficiently contribute to understanding the behavior of indium in the carrier mineral. The successful results of applying such a near-edge absorption (XANES) study at In L 3 -edge to samples collected at the Lagoa Salgada polymetallic orebody in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) are described and the crystal chemistry of indium is re-evaluated, disclosing a potential clue for the metal binding state in polymetallic sulphides.

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“…As In is a highly volatile chalcophile element, the source for both In and Cu in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits is likely to be igneous rocks [61][62][63]. The Qibaoshan deposit is a skarn deposit related to quartz porphyry intrusions, and geochemical data indicate ore-forming components had a magmatic source.…”

Section: Indium Mineralization In Sn-poor Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Mineralization in a Sn-Poor Skarn Deposit: A Case Study of the Qibaoshan Deposit, South China

Liu

2017

Minerals

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Indium (In) is commonly hosted in Sn-rich deposits but rarely reported in Sn-poor deposits. However, an In-rich and Sn-poor skarn deposit, the Qibaoshan Cu-Zn-Pb deposit, has been identified in south China. Geochemical analyses were undertaken on 23 samples representing the following mineral assemblages: sphalerite-pyrite, pyrite-chalcopyrite, pyrite-sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite-pyrite, and magnetite. The results show that In is richest in the sphalerite-pyrite ores, with concentrations of 28.9-203.0 ppm (average 122.8 ppm) and 1000 In/Zn values of 2.7-10.9 (average 7.0). Other ore types in the Qibaoshan deposit are In poor, whereas all are Sn poor (10 to 150 ppm), with most samples having Sn concentrations of ≤70 ppm. Indium is mainly hosted by sphalerite, as inferred from the strong correlation between In and Zn, and weak correlation between In and Sn. Mineral paragenetic relationships indicate sphalerite formed from late quartz-sulfide stage of mineralization processes. Indium in the Qibaoshan deposit is richer in vein-type orebodies than in lenticular-type orebodies occurring at contact zones between carbonate and quartz porphyry, or in carbonate xenoliths. Igneous intrusions that were Sn poor and emplaced at shallow depths formed the In-rich orebodies of the Qibaoshan deposit.

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Indium mineralisation in A-type granites in southeastern Finland: Insights into mineralogy and partitioning between coexisting minerals

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

Indium-Carrier Minerals in Polymetallic Sulphide Ore Deposits: A Crystal Chemical Insight into an Indium Binding State Supported by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Data

Indium Mineralization in a Sn-Poor Skarn Deposit: A Case Study of the Qibaoshan Deposit, South China

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