Indium-coated D-shaped-fiber polarizer

Dyott, R.B.; Bello, Job M.; Handerek, V.A.

doi:10.1364/ol.12.000287

Cited by 65 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[177][178][179] As discussed above in Sec. IV, the CO 2 -laser-induced LPFGs have clear polarization dependence due to their asymmetric refractive index profile, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, within the crosssection of the gratings, 23,63,109 thus being potential in-fiber polarizing device.…”

Section: Polarizersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: Polarizersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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“…Early works used dual mode elliptical fibers and the interference between the two lowest order LP modes or between different polarizations of the two modes were exploited for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement [1,[3][4][5]. The mode coupling/splitting for these interferometers was realized by off-set alignments or the use of mode splitters [2]; however, fabrication of the in-fiber devices realizing mode splitting/polarizing is not straightforward and need complex polishing, alignment and/or metal coating procedures [8]. More recently researchers exploited the interference of the fundamental mode with a cladding mode by use of a pair of long period gratings (LPGs) or a combination of a LPG with a non-adiabatic fiber taper or an offset splice [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-fiber polarimeters based on hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Xuan¹,

Jin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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In-fiber polarimeters or polarization mode interferometers (PMIs) are fabricated by cascading two CO2-laser-induced in-fiber polarizers along a piece of hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. Since the two interfering beams are the orthogonal polarizations of the fundamental mode, which are tightly confined to the core and have much lower loss than higher order modes, the PMIs can have either short (e.g., a few millimeters) or long (tens of meters or longer) device length without significantly changing the fringe contrast and hence provide design flexibility for applications required different device lengths. As examples of potential applications, the PMIs have been experimentally demonstrated for wavelength-dependent group birefringence measurement; and for strain, temperature and torsion sensors. The PMI sensors are quite sensitive to strain but relatively insensitive to temperature as compared with fiber Bragg grating sensors. The PMIs function as good directional torsion sensors that can determine the rate and direction of twist at the same time.

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“…In-line fiber polarizers with low-insertion loss, highpolarization extinction ratio and wide operational wavelength range are often needed in optical fiber sensors and communication systems. Fiber optic polarizers have been made by coating the flat side of a side-polished conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) or a D-shaped optical fiber with a thin metal layer [11,12]. However, the complex manufacturing process means higher component cost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber optic polarizers have been made by coating the flat side of a side-polished conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) or a D-shaped optical fiber with a thin metal layer [11,12]. However, the complex manufacturing process means higher component cost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber polarizer

et al. 2011

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A compact fiber polarizer is demonstrated by the filling of selected air holes of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a liquid. The liquid-filling results in an asymmetric waveguide structure, leading to a large polarization dependent loss. A 6 mm long ethanol-filled PCF exhibits a polarization extinction ratio of ∼18 dB over a wavelength range from 1480 nm to 1600 nm. In-line fiber polarizers with low-insertion loss, highpolarization extinction ratio and wide operational wavelength range are often needed in optical fiber sensors and communication systems. Fiber optic polarizers have been made by coating the flat side of a side-polished conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) or a D-shaped optical fiber with a thin metal layer [11,12]. However, the complex manufacturing process means higher component cost. Combined with the PCFs, a novel polarizer based on a long period grating written on a solid-core PCF is realized [7]. However, the device suffers from a narrow operational wavelength range (∼10 nm). A fiber polarizer was made by using a pulsed CO 2 laser to deform the air holes of a hollow-core PCF [8]. The polarizer exhibits a polarization extinction ratio of more than 20 dB over an operational wavelength range of wider than 100 nm. However, the CO 2 laser irradiated region is fragile, which may be disadvantageous for practical applications. Recently, we proposed a polarizer configuration based on a partially liquid-filled hollow-core PCF [13]. The polarizer is compact and robust.In this Letter, we report the experimental demonstration of a compact polarizer based on a partially ethanolfilled hollow-core PCF. The partial filling of air holes by a liquid is realized by a simple and practical technique.To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that this technique is used to fill liquid into selected air holes so that an asymmetric waveguide structure is formed. The partial filling of liquid results in leaking out of one polarization eigen-mode, while keeping the orthogonal polarization-mode propagating along the fiber with relatively low loss. The details about the selective filling technique, the fabrication, and characterization of the polarizer are reported in following sections. Figure 1 illustrates the proposed partial liquid-filling technique. In this illustration, a solid-core PCF is shown, but the technique can be used for both solid-core and hollow-core PCFs. The PCF is firstly spliced to a SMF with a lateral offset. Most of the cladding air holes are sealed by the spliced joint while some of the air holes are left open and used for subsequent liquid-filling. The size of the unsealed region [indicated as S in Fig. 1(b)] is controlled by the lateral offset at the spliced joint. The spliced joint is

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Indium-coated D-shaped-fiber polarizer

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

In-fiber polarimeters based on hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Partially liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber polarizer

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