Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis of Date Palm Using Juvenile Leaf Explants and Low 2,4-D Concentration

Fki, Lotfi; Kriaâ, Walid; Nasri, Amèni; Baklouti, Emna; Chkir, O.; Masmoudi, R.; Rival, Alain; Drira, Noureddine

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7156-5_9

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For instance, a reduction in the 2,4-D concentration in the subculture medium in previous experiments has been found to increase the friability of the coconut EC derived from both seedlings and young inflorescence tissues and resulted in the formation of friable and well-defined EC from nodular callus [ 15 ]. Furthermore, a low 2,4-D concentration (0.1 mg L −1 ) was found to induce friable EC from juvenile date palm leaves [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, studies were undertaken on the influence of several treatments that may stimulate the formation of friable EC. These approaches included varying the medium type [ 13 ], the subculture frequency [ 10 , 14 ], reducing the medium 2,4-D concentration [ 15 , 16 ], manipulating the nitrate level, changing the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio [ 12 ], supplying L-proline [ 18 , 19 ], and reducing the medium nutrient level [ 20 ], all approaches that had worked for friable EC production in other species. However, none of these approaches was able to stimulate the formation of friable EC for coconut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were designed based on previous studies undertaken on coconut and other species [red goosefoot ( Chenopodium rubrum L.), date palm, sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), maize ( Zea mays L.), and cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz)]. The factors that had been shown to affect friable callus or friable EC formation in these studies were the medium form (liquid or semi-solid) [ 13 ], the frequency of subculture [ 10 , 14 ], the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) during subculture [ 15 , 16 ], the nitrogen level and form [ 12 ], the addition of an amino acid mixture [ 17 ] or L-proline [ 18 , 19 ], and the use of reduced nutrient content in the medium [ 20 ]. Hence, these factors were considered in the present study with the aim to produce friable EC in coconut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coconut Callus Initiation for Cell Suspension Culture

Kong

Biddle

Kalaipandian

et al. 2023

Plants

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The development of a cell suspension culture system for the scaling up of coconut embryogenic callus (EC) production would drastically improve efforts to achieve the large-scale production of high-quality clonal plantlets. To date, the hard nature of coconut EC appeared to be the main constraint for developing cell suspension cultures. Hence, this study attempted to acquire friable EC through the following approaches: The manipulation of (1) medium type and subculture frequency, (2) a reduced 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid concentration during subculture, (3) the nitrate level and the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio, and the addition of amino acid mixture, (4) the addition of L-proline, and (5) the reduction of medium nutrients. Unfortunately, none of these culture conditions produced friable coconut EC. Even though friable EC was not achieved via these approaches, some of the conditions were found to influence the formation of compact EC, therefore these results are important for further studies focused on somatic embryogenesis in coconut and other species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coconut Callus Initiation for Cell Suspension Culture

Kong

Biddle

Kalaipandian

et al. 2023

Plants

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show abstract

“…It was observed that an increase in the SAM level is needed to facilitate an increase in the SAM-consuming processes that are necessary for the development of somatic embryos (e.g., SAM-dependent methylations and polyamine biosynthesis), so the availability of SAM may be necessary for the acquisition of embryogenic potential and, later, for the control of embryonic development [ 71 ]. Recently, other protocols of SE have reported similar requirements for 2,4-D; e.g., in the date palm [ 72 , 73 ], Kalopanax septemlobus [ 74 ] and Coriandrum sativum [ 75 ].…”

Section: Dna Methylation: a Key Player During Somatic Embryogenesimentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Azacytidine: A Promoter of Epigenetic Changes in the Quest to Improve Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

Osorio-Montalvo

Sáenz

De‐la‐Peña

2018

IJMS

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely studied process due to its biotechnological potential to generate large quantities of plants in short time frames and from different sources of explants. The success of SE depends on many factors, such as the nature of the explant, the microenvironment generated by in vitro culture conditions, and the regulation of gene expression, among others. Epigenetics has recently been identified as an important factor influencing SE outcome. DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms due to its essential role in gene expression, and its participation in SE is crucial. DNA methylation levels can be modified through the use of drugs such as 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, which has been used during SE protocols. The balance between hypomethylation and hypermethylation seems to be the key to SE success. Here, we discuss the most prominent recent research on the role of 5-AzaC in the regulation of DNA methylation, highlighting its importance during the SE process. Also, the molecular implications that this inhibitor might have for the increase or decrease in the embryogenic potential of various explants are reviewed.

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“…Previous date palm micropropagation protocols determined the incubation under light for somatic embryo germination and conversion to plantlets. (Almusawi, 2015;Abdelbar, 2017;Zayed, 2017;Fki et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of darkness in the germination process and conversion of direct somatic embryos into plantlets: Micropropagation protocol enhancement study of date palm.

Abohatem

Ba-Asher²,

Al-Duais

2022

Preprint

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All studies in date palm somatic embryogenesis focused on the germination of light and neglected the darkness effect on germination. Study of the effect of light and darkness incubation on germination of date palm somatic embryos led to the developing of an efficient new and simple procedure for inducing the direct date palm somatic embryos germination and conversion into plantlets. In vitro germination in darkness played a critical role in direct converting date palm somatic embryos into plantlets. Direct somatic embryos germinated in the darkness exhibit continuous growth leading to forming etiolation longitudinal stems and thin leaves, while somatic embryos germinated in the light show inhibition of longitudinal growth with the formation of short stems and green wide leaves. Darkness germination process had decreased significantly the conversion period of direct somatic embryos into plantlets to less than 12 weeks. Darkness incubation led to germination and elongation in one stage, while the incubation in the light required two stages the embryo germination stage then the elongation stage. Somatic embryos grown in darkness had more protein and less phenolic compounds than embryos grown in the light. These results had led to significantly decrease in the protocol period and modified the protocol stages of date palm somatic embryos germination and conversion into plantlets, ending with better germination and reduction of time and costs.

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Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis of Date Palm Using Juvenile Leaf Explants and Low 2,4-D Concentration

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Coconut Callus Initiation for Cell Suspension Culture

Coconut Callus Initiation for Cell Suspension Culture

5-Azacytidine: A Promoter of Epigenetic Changes in the Quest to Improve Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

Role of darkness in the germination process and conversion of direct somatic embryos into plantlets: Micropropagation protocol enhancement study of date palm.

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