Indirect host-mediated effects of an exotic phloem-sap feeder on a native defoliator of balsam fir

Grégoire, Dorthea M.; Quiring, Dan T.; Royer, Lucie; Heard, Stephen B.; Bauce, Éric

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.01.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…In one field study involving spruce budworm, Gregoire et al . () found that sap‐feeding by the invasive balsam woolly adelgid ( Adelges piceae Ratzeburg) had a negative impact on budworm pupal size, though these effects were diminished in thinned versus unthinned stands. In another greenhouse study, Colgan and Erbilgin () reported that inoculating jack pine samplings with Ophiostoma sp., a fungal symbiont of mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), had no effects on western spruce budworm performance but did cause modest increases in larval feeding rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, attack by one species might facilitate attack by the second, resulting in synergistic interactions between the two species that may be more deleterious to the host than if either species occurred alone. Previous studies have shown a spectrum of interactive dynamics between non‐native and native insects, including asymmetrical facilitation where one species enhances another's performance (Gregoire et al ., ) or feeding rate (Colgan & Erbilgin, ), coexistence where species have no apparent impact on one another (Nagamitsu et al ., ; Heustis et al ., ) and antagonistic interactions where both species suffer (Hentley et al ., ). Understanding these novel interactions is important to predict how competition or synergism during concurrent native/non‐native pest infestations might influence local population and community dynamics, as well as to forecast impacts on host plant health and survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interguild interactions between a non‐native phloem feeder and a native outbreaking defoliator

MacDonnell¹,

Edwards

Heard

et al. 2020

Ecological Entomology

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1. Competitive and synergistic interactions directly or indirectly drive community dynamics of herbivorous insects. Novel interactions between non-native and native insects are unpredictable and not fully understood.2. We used manipulative experiments on mature red spruce trees to test interactions between a non-native phloem feeding insect, the brown spruce longhorn beetle (BSLB), and an outbreaking native defoliator, the spruce budworm. We subjected treatment trees to defoliation by three densities of spruce budworm larvae. Treatment trees were: stressed by (i) girdling (to mimic beetle feeding) or (ii) girdling + BSLB before spruce budworm larvae were introduced on branches in sleeve cages. Budworm larvae then fed on foliage and developed to pupation. We assessed all branches for budworm performance, defoliation, shoot production and shoot growth.3. Shoot length did not differ in response to stress from girdling or BSLB infestation. Neither stress from girdling, nor interactions with BSLB feeding affected spruce budworm performance or defoliation. Intraspecific impacts on performance and defoliation in relation to budworm density were stronger than the effects of tree stress.4. Prior infestation of red spruce by BSLB in our experimental set-up did not influence spruce budworm performance. BSLB is a successful invader that has blended into its novel ecological niche because of ecological and phylogenetic similarities with a native congener, Tetropium cinnamopterum. 5. Outbreaks by BSLB will not likely impede or facilitate spruce budworm outbreaks if they co-occur. It would be useful to evaluate the reverse scenario of BSLB success after defoliation stress by spruce budworm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interguild interactions between a non‐native phloem feeder and a native outbreaking defoliator

MacDonnell¹,

Edwards

Heard

et al. 2020

Ecological Entomology

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“…In the case of ESB, Taylor and MacLean (2009) describe a similar pattern in New Brunswick but with a lag between the end of the outbreak and the windthrow events. Grégoire and Quiring (2015) have shown that the balsam woolly adelgid changes the host plant quality, which in turn affects ESB population growth. Trees weakened by insect pests can also be more vulnerable to Armillaria root disease (Hudak andSingh 1970, Ostaff 1983).…”

Section: Synergistic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the past to manage Newfoundland’s forests for the future

Arsenault

LeBlanc

Earle

et al. 2016

The Forestry Chronicle

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The forests of Newfoundland represent a unique type of boreal ecosystem with diverse environmental gradients that exercise strong control over disturbances and vegetation. We have assembled and analyzed a comprehensive database on disturbance history in Newfoundland. Defoliating insects, led by the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) and the hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria Guenée), have the largest disturbance footprint on the island. Infrequent wildfires (fire cycle = 769 years) had a decisive role in driving forest succession, particularly in the Central Newfoundland Forest and Maritime Barrens ecoregions. We hypothesize that the historical disturbance regime in Newfoundland would not have enabled steady-state conditions, although the amount of old-growth forests and deadwood would likely have been greater than it is today. We argue that the implementation of the natural range of variation (NRV) concept in forest management for such non-equilibrium systems will be challenging in Newfoundland and in other regions of Canada. We propose guiding principles to adapt the NRV concept using ecological knowledge. If a sciencebased approach is desired, assumptions about NRV should be tested using a rigorous experimental design. We encourage the establishment of large-scale experiments in at least a portion of forestry operations to enable an ecosystem sciencebased approach.Keywords: natural disturbance, wildfire, insect defoliation, Newfoundland, ecosystem management, logging, ecological experiments RÉSUMÉ Les forêts de Terre-Neuve constituent un type particulier d' écosystème boréal qui présente divers gradients écologiques qui ont une influence marquée sur les perturbations et la végétation. Nous avons assemblé et analysé une base de données exhaustive sur l'historique des perturbations à Terre-Neuve. Les insectes défoliateurs, principalement la tordeuse des bourgeons de l' épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) et l'arpenteuse de la pruche (Lambdina fiscellaria Guenée), sont ceux qui ont occasionné les plus fortes perturbations sur l'île. Les rares feux de forêt (cycle des feux = 769 ans) ont joué un rôle moteur dans la succession des peuplements forestiers, notamment dans les écorégions de la forêt du centre de Terre-Neuve et de la toundra des Maritimes. Nous posons l'hypothèse que le régime historique des perturbations de Terre-Neuve n'aurait pas permis d'atteindre des conditions stables, même s'il était possible d'avoir plus de vieilles forêts et de bois mort que présentement. Nous soutenons qu'il sera très difficile d'appliquer le concept de plage de variabilité naturelle (PVN) en aménagement forestier pour de tels systèmes non équilibrés à Terre-Neuve et dans d'autres régions du Canada. Nous proposons des principes directeurs pour adapter le concept de PVN à partir des connaissances écologiques. Pour adopter une saine approche scientifique, il faut vérifier les hypothèses sur la PVN avec une méthodologie expéri-mentale rigoureuse. Nous suggérons la mise en place d' essais ...

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“…() found lower pupal weights in spruce budworm reared on trees that were symptomatic of balsam woolly adelgid ( Adelges piceae ) infestation. In the latter study, it was hypothesized that this relationship reflected decreased foliar quality, although clear relationships between specific adelgid symptoms, foliar secondary metabolites and larval performance could not be detected (Grégoire et al ., ; Grégoire et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer responses to a stylet‐feeding invasive herbivore and induction with methyl jasmonate: impact on the expression of induced defences and a native folivore

Rigsby

Shoemaker

Mallinger

et al. 2019

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Trees attacked by multiple herbivores need to defend themselves against dynamic biotic challenges; appropriate responses to one stressor can elicit hormonal responses that are antagonistic to another. Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae) results in the accumulation of the defensive hormone salicylic acid. 2 We explored the potential for HWA infestation to interfere with anti-folivore-induced defence signalling and its implications for a native folivore (hemlock looper; Lambdina fiscellaria). Hemlocks were infested with HWA and/or sprayed with methyl jasmonate; foliar defences were analyzed and foliage quality for looper larvae was assessed. 3 Both treatments activated foliar defensive traits, including a HWA-mediated increase in peroxidase activity and an accumulation of cell wall-bound phenolics and lignin, as well as a methyl jasmonate-mediated increase in lipoxygenase activity. The two treatments had an additive effect on other defensive traits and both treatments negatively affected looper performance. 4 These results suggest that salicylic acid and jasmonic acid are not strictly antagonistic in conifers and that both have a role in anti-folivore defence signalling. The present study illustrates the need for a better understanding of hormone signalling, cross-talk and induced responses in conifers.

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Indirect host-mediated effects of an exotic phloem-sap feeder on a native defoliator of balsam fir

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Interguild interactions between a non‐native phloem feeder and a native outbreaking defoliator

Interguild interactions between a non‐native phloem feeder and a native outbreaking defoliator

Unravelling the past to manage Newfoundland’s forests for the future

Conifer responses to a stylet‐feeding invasive herbivore and induction with methyl jasmonate: impact on the expression of induced defences and a native folivore

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